The effects of the rhetorical charisma signal and voice pitch in female leader selection

Women are often discriminated against in leader selection contexts. The goal of the present study is to examine the role of the rhetorical charisma signal, voice pitch and their interaction in female leader selection (i.e., perceptions of [incentivized] hirability, competence and warmth). We derive our hypotheses based on the charisma signaling theory and the evolutionary perspective on charisma. Based on two pre-registered experiments (total N = 1316), we found that the rhetorical charisma signal increases the applicant’s hirability, while the results were mixed for competence and warmth. Study 1 showed that small changes in voice pitch of ±20Hz did not affect any of the outcomes. In Study 2, we altered the actress’s voice to a low, average, and high female pitch. The results revealed that only a low (vs. baseline) but not a high voice (vs. baseline) pitch increased perceived hirability and competence (while perceived warmth remained unaffected). Furthermore, the interaction between the rhetorical charisma signal and voice pitch did not predict any of the outcomes. Theoretical contributions, practical implications and limitations are discussed

Evaluation & automated correction of historical newspaper OCR using Deep Learning

<p>This poster was presented at the National eScience Symposium and describes the research project the KB is undertaking with the eScience Center on the evaluation and correction of historical newspaper OCR using deep learning.</p

Cerebrospinal fluid inflammatory markers to differentiate between neonatal bacterial meningitis and sepsis:A prospective study of diagnostic accuracy

Objectives: We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) inflammatory markers for diagnosing bacterial meningitis in neonates with sepsis and/or meningitis. Methods: Cases were identified from a prospective multicenter study including patients aged 0-3 months with Group B Streptococcal (GBS) or Escherichia coli culture positive sepsis/meningitis. CSF CXCL10, MDC, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, TNF- α, MIF, IL-1RA, CXCL13, IL-1β, CRP and procalcitonin concentrations were measured with Luminex technology. Results: In 61/373 patients (17%) residual CSF from the lumbar puncture was available, of whom 16 (26%) had definitive meningitis, 15 (25%) probable meningitis and 30 (49%) had sepsis. All biomarkers were detectable in CSF and showed significantly higher concentrations in definitive meningitis versus sepsis patients and six biomarkers in probable meningitis versus sepsis patients. Discrimination between definitive meningitis and sepsis was excellent for IL-1RA (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.93), TNF-α (AUC 0.92), CXCL10 (AUC 0.90), IL-1β (AUC 0.92), IL-6 (AUC 0.94), IL-10 (AUC 0.93) and a combination of IL-1RA, TNF-α, CXCL-10 and CSF leukocyte count (AUC 0.95). CSF leukocyte count remained the predictor with the highest diagnostic accuracy (AUC 0.96). Conclusion: CSF inflammatory markers can be used to differentiate between neonatal sepsis and meningitis.</p

Comparison of new bronchopulmonary dysplasia definitions on long-term outcomes in preterm infants

Objective: To compare the discriminative performances of the 2018 National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the 2019 Jensen definitions of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with the 2001 NIH definition on adverse neurodevelopmental and respiratory outcomes at 2 years and 5 years corrected age. Study design: In this single-center retrospective cohort study, outcomes of infants born at <30 weeks of gestational age were collected. The 3 definitions of BPD were compared by adding the different definitions to the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development's outcome prediction model for neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) or death. Discriminative performance was compared for both outcomes at 2 years and 5 years corrected age by calculating the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curve and z-statistics. Results: The presence of BPD and its severity were determined in 584 infants. There were considerable shifts in BPD grading among the different definitions. At both time points, all BPD definition models had comparable discriminating power for NDI and respiratory morbidity, with one exception. Compared with the 2001 NIH definition, the 2018 NIH definition had less predictive power for the neurologic outcome at 2 years corrected age. Conclusions: Our comparison of the 3 BPD definitions shows similar discriminative performance on long term neurodevelopmental and respiratory outcomes at 2 years and 5 years corrected age

Severity of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia and Neurodevelopmental Outcome at 2 and 5 Years Corrected Age

Objective: To evaluate the association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) severity and risk of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 2 years and 5 years corrected age and to examine whether this association changes over time. Study design: This single-center retrospective cohort study included patients with a gestational age <30 weeks surviving to 36 weeks postmenstrual age, divided into groups according to BPD severity. NDI was defined as having cognitive or motor abilities below −1 SD, cerebral palsy, or a hearing or a visual impairment. The association was assessed using a multivariate logistic regression model analysis, adjusting for known confounders for NDI, and mixed-model analysis. Results: Of the 790 surviving infants (15% diagnosed with mild BPD, 9% with moderate BPD, and 10% with severe BPD), 88% and 82% were longitudinally assessed at 2 years and 5 years corrected age, respectively. The mixed-model analysis showed a statistically significant increase in NDI at all levels of BPD severity compared with infants with no BPD, and a 5-fold increased risk in NDI was seen from 2 years to 5 years corrected age in all degrees of BPD severity. The strength of this association between NDI and BPD severity did not change over time. Conclusions: Increased BPD severity is associated with increased risk of NDI at both 2 years and 5 years corrected age. The absolute incidence of NDI increased significantly from 2 years to 5 years corrected age for all BPD severity categories, but this increased risk was similar at both time points in each category