Heptageniidae (Ephemeroptera) of Wisconsin

(excerpt) Heptageniidae are one of the most abundant and widespread components of Wisconsin\u27s aquatic insect fauna. In almost any stream with a firm substrate and free of gross pollution, the flattened nymphs can be found hiding in crevasses and under rocks, or clinging to submerged wood. Adults and nymphs are easily distinguished from mayflies of other families, nymphs by their dorsoventrally flattened head and dorsal eyes, and adults by their 5-segmented tarsi and complete wing veination. This paper presents our knowledge to date of Heptageniidae in Wisconsin

A general method for sizing battery energy storage systems for use in mitigating photovoltaic flicker

A method for sizing battery energy storage (BES) systems for use in mitigating voltage flicker caused by solar intermittency in photovoltaic generation was developed. The method creates a "design day" from existing solar data and designs the power and energy requirements for a BES system that can help a photovoltaic facility mitigate flicker caused by solar activity associated with the design day. An economic analysis of lead-acid and lithium-ion options for the BES was also developed. The method was then applied to a proposed photovoltaic project in the Midwestern United States.Dr. John Gahl, Thesis Supervisor.Includes bibliographical references (pages 35-37)

Preliminary characterization of the transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus

The objective of this dissertation is to provide a more complete characterization of the transmission of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Three papers are presented within the dissertation. The first paper focuses on modes of transmission between infected and susceptible animals. Portals of exit and duration of shedding of virus from infected animals are investigated in the second paper. The final paper concentrates on the occurrence and duration of infection in swine;In the first study, five trials were conducted to study transmission of virus to pigs placed in different degrees of contact with inoculated pigs. The study demonstrated that although direct contact is probably the most efficient mode of transmission it was not required for transmission to occur. Transmission across distances of 102 cm were demonstrated. The failure of transmission to occur in pigs separated by relatively short distances questioned the role of aerosols in PRRSV transmission;The second paper reports the results of 2 trials in which weekly samples were collected from inoculated and control pigs. While the pigs were anesthetized, serum, saliva, conjunctival swab, urine by cystocentesis, and feces were collected. Following anesthesia, the endotracheal tube was rinsed in saline and the rinse retained. All samples were assayed for PRRSV. Virus was isolated through day 14 post inoculation (PI) from urine, day 21 PI from serum, day 35 PI from endotracheal tube rinse, and day 42 PI from saliva. No virus was recovered from conjunctival swabs or fecal samples. Recovery of PRRSV from saliva has not been reported previously. Virus-contaminated saliva, especially when considered in the context of social dominance behavior among pigs, probably plays an important role in PRRSV transmission;In the third study, serum samples were collected from 4 inoculated pigs every 2 to 3 days until day 42 PI and then approximately every 14 days until day 213 PI. Oropharyngeal samples were collected at the time of serum collection on days 56 to 213 PI. Viremia continued up to 23 days. Persistent infection with PRRSV was demonstrated by isolation of virus from oropharyngeal samples for up to 157 days after challenge

Application of ruthenium complexes of triazole-containing tridentate ligands to asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones

The synthesis of a series of tridentate ligands based on a homochiral 1,2-diamine structure attached to a triazole group and their subsequent applications to the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones are described. In the best cases, alcohols of up to 93% ee were obtained. Although base is not required, the use of Ru3(CO)12 as metal source is essential, indicating a unique mechanism for the formation of the active catalyst

Reducing inequality and poverty while mitigating climate change: key challenges for research and practice in middle-income countries in Africa and Latin America

This paper provides some answers to this question and outlines future research on mitigation and inequality. The question is relevant, because developing countries have come under growing pressure to introduce mitigation actions that help to reduce dangerous greenhouse gas emissions. These mitigation actions need to be ‘nationally appropriate’ (UNFCCC 2007) and different from those in the developed countries, taking the economic structures, poverty and inequalities into account. Mitigating emissions and reducing poverty at the same time sharpens the trade-­off. Governments need to decide on expenditure of limited resources on poverty or mitigation. According to previous research the need for such a trade-­off decreases when countries become richer (Ravallion et al. 2000). This implies that governments have a growing option to achieve both ends

The Future of Capital Punishment in Florida: Analysis and Recommendations

The Supreme Court\u27s decision abolishing the death penalty, at least as it existed in most jurisdictions, hardly represents the final resolution of the controversy over capital punishment. Given substantial public sentiment which apparently favors capital punishment in some form-voiced, for example, in the results of the recent referendum in California-various legislative bodies will face the question of whether capital punishment can and should be legislatively reinstated. In December 1972 the State of Florida became the first jurisdiction to pass judgment on this question. The legislature enacted a bill allowing imposition of the death penalty in certain circumstances. The two articles which follow highlight the competing policy and legal considerations which face legislatures after Furman, and illustrate one state\u27s response to those considerations. The first article is a slightly revised version of a memorandum to the Florida Governor\u27s Committee to Study Capital Punishment, submitted by the Committee\u27s Legal Advisory Staff. It sketches the various possible legislative responses to Furman and recommends one. The second indicates other recommendations made to the legislators and comments on the ultimate legislative determination

Information for a developmental approach to mitigation: linking sectoral and economy-wide models for Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru and South Africa.

This paper reports on modelling approaches that provide information to answer policy-­relevant questions in Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru and South Africa. The analysis informs different country contexts: energy-related GHG emissions currently dominate in Chile and South Africa, while those due to agriculture, forestry and land-­use (AFOLU) are historically more important in Brazil, Colombia and Peru

The efficacy of a nanosynthetic bone graft substitute as a bone graft extender in rabbit posterolateral fusion

Funding Disclosure(s) Statement: This study was partly funded by a grant from Innovate UK (Grant no. 103853), awarded to Sirakoss Ltd., with the remaining study costs provided by Sirakoss Ltd.Peer reviewedPublisher PD