La evolución del logotipo en el programa de mano Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer

El presente artículo analiza, desde una perspectiva multidisciplinar, la evolución del logotipo de una de las principales productoras y distribuidoras de Hollywood, Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, durante sus llamados “años dorados” (1931-1941), utilizando el programa de mano como fuente primaria de la investigación. Tras un minucioso estudio, el programa de mano se revela como un peculiar método de publicidad cinematográfica que, rebasando los límites de su función originaria, se puede convertir en modelo de expresión artística, coyuntural elemento propagandístico, archivo visual de imágenes perdidas o auténtico objeto de culto para coleccionistas.This article analyze, from an interdisciplinary perspective, the course of the advertising emblem of one of Hollywood´s main producers and distributors, MGM, during the socalled Golden Years (1931/1941) using the program as a primary source of investigation. After a detailed study, the program reveals itself as a peculiar method of cinema advertising which, exceeding the limits of its original function, can become a model of art expression, structural advertising element, a visual file of lost images or real cult object for collectors

2021 stars conference: student plenary

The Student Panel Session at the 2021 STARS Conference concluded the formal presentations for the event.&nbsp; At this session, students from the tertiary sector shared with delegates their personal experiences in higher education and thoughts concerning the messages and insights gained from the conference experience. The students had responded to an invitation from Student Voice Australia to participate in the conference, be part of the Panel, and were encouraged to attend the keynote presentations across the event.&nbsp; Delegates had the opportunity to present questions to the students.&nbsp; For the purposes of this feature, the editors have summarised and edited the transcript to present the key points of each discussion, including questions and comments from delegates. Panel members have approved the editorial interpretations of their comments.</jats:p

Science and the Liberal Arts at Ursinus College

Science trend: Moving beyond industrialism • Founders\u27 Day address: Small colleges nurture young scientists well • Physics mentor changed a life • Complex world a challenge for scientists • In government, chemist finds his niche • Ursinus helps non standard student bloom • Ursinus let him explore inner space • Finding the problem is scientist\u27s hardest task • Most wanted: Insatiable curiosity • Real research: Practical or esoteric? • Flexibility is a matter of degree • Liberal arts education prepares minds • The way to encourage young scientistshttps://digitalcommons.ursinus.edu/founders_programs/1053/thumbnail.jp

A natural history study of the prognostic role of coronary arteriography

Coronary cinearteriograms, clinical records, and left ventriculograms of 304 patients studied for evaluation of chest pain were reviewed. Clinical and follow-up data on survival of the normal subjects and the nonoperative group with abnormal arteriograms are presented.Ninety-two per cent of patients with typical angina pectoris had serious coronary occlusive disease. Ninety-eight per cent of patients with relatively normal coronary arteriograms survived for one to 60 or more months (mean follow-up period 24 months).There was a high mortality rate when the left main coronary artery was involved (47 per cent) and when the left coronary anterior descending branch was seriously occluded (28 per cent when arteriographic scores were high and 14 per cent when total scores were low) and a low mortality rate (0 to 7 per cent) when the LAD was normal. Mean follow-up interval in these groups was 19 months.The mortality rate was nearly three times greater when patients had QRS changes on ECG of prior myocardial infarction and six times greater when left ventricular contraction was significantly impaired.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22297/1/0000740.pd

Gender, foundation degrees and the knowledge economy

This article questions the concept of ‘education for employment’, which constructs a discourse of individual and societal benefit in a knowledge‐driven economy. Recent policy emphasis in the European Union promotes the expansion of higher education and short‐cycle vocational awards such as the intermediate two‐year Foundation Degree recently introduced into England and Wales. Studies of vocational education and training (VET) and the knowledge economy have focused largely on the governance of education and on the development and drift of policy. Many VET programmes have also been considered for their classed, raced and gendered take‐up and subsequent effect on employment. This article builds on both fields of study to engage with the finer cross‐analyses of gender, social class, poverty, race and citizenship. In its analysis of policy texts the article argues that in spite of a discourse of inclusivity, an expanded higher education system has generated new inequalities, deepening social stratification. Drawing on early analyses of national quantitative data sets, it identifies emerging gendered, classed and raced patterns and considers these in relation to occupationally and hierarchically stratified labour markets, both within and without the knowledge economy

Improving the normalization of complex interventions: measure development based on normalization process theory (NoMAD): study protocol

&lt;b&gt;Background&lt;/b&gt; Understanding implementation processes is key to ensuring that complex interventions in healthcare are taken up in practice and thus maximize intended benefits for service provision and (ultimately) care to patients. Normalization Process Theory (NPT) provides a framework for understanding how a new intervention becomes part of normal practice. This study aims to develop and validate simple generic tools derived from NPT, to be used to improve the implementation of complex healthcare interventions.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Objectives&lt;/b&gt; The objectives of this study are to: develop a set of NPT-based measures and formatively evaluate their use for identifying implementation problems and monitoring progress; conduct preliminary evaluation of these measures across a range of interventions and contexts, and identify factors that affect this process; explore the utility of these measures for predicting outcomes; and develop an online users’ manual for the measures.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Methods&lt;/b&gt; A combination of qualitative (workshops, item development, user feedback, cognitive interviews) and quantitative (survey) methods will be used to develop NPT measures, and test the utility of the measures in six healthcare intervention settings.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;b&gt;Discussion&lt;/b&gt; The measures developed in the study will be available for use by those involved in planning, implementing, and evaluating complex interventions in healthcare and have the potential to enhance the chances of their implementation, leading to sustained changes in working practices

Targeted suppression of autoreactive CD8+ T-cell activation using blocking anti-CD8 antibodies

CD8+ T-cells play a role in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes. However, drugs that target the entire CD8+ T-cell population are not desirable because the associated lack of speci city can lead to unwanted consequences, most notably an enhanced susceptibility to infection. Here, we show that autoreactive CD8+ T-cells are highly dependent on CD8 for ligand-induced activation via the T-cell receptor (TCR). In contrast, pathogen-speci c CD8+ T-cells are relatively CD8-independent. These generic di erences relate to an intrinsic dichotomy that segregates self-derived and exogenous antigen-speci c TCRs according to the monomeric interaction a nity with cognate peptide-major histocompatibility complex class I (pMHCI). As a consequence, “blocking” anti-CD8 antibodies can suppress autoreactive CD8+ T-cell activation in a relatively selective manner. These ndings provide a rational basis for the development and in vivo assessment of novel therapeutic strategies that preferentially target disease-relevant autoimmune responses within the CD8+ T-cell compartment

Cytosine-5 RNA methylation links protein synthesis to cell metabolism.

Posttranscriptional modifications in transfer RNA (tRNA) are often critical for normal development because they adapt protein synthesis rates to a dynamically changing microenvironment. However, the precise cellular mechanisms linking the extrinsic stimulus to the intrinsic RNA modification pathways remain largely unclear. Here, we identified the cytosine-5 RNA methyltransferase NSUN2 as a sensor for external stress stimuli. Exposure to oxidative stress efficiently repressed NSUN2, causing a reduction of methylation at specific tRNA sites. Using metabolic profiling, we showed that loss of tRNA methylation captured cells in a distinct catabolic state. Mechanistically, loss of NSUN2 altered the biogenesis of tRNA-derived noncoding fragments (tRFs) in response to stress, leading to impaired regulation of protein synthesis. The intracellular accumulation of a specific subset of tRFs correlated with the dynamic repression of global protein synthesis. Finally, NSUN2-driven RNA methylation was functionally required to adapt cell cycle progression to the early stress response. In summary, we revealed that changes in tRNA methylation profiles were sufficient to specify cellular metabolic states and efficiently adapt protein synthesis rates to cell stress.This work was funded by a Cancer Research UK Senior Fellowship (C10701/A15181), the European Research Council (ERC; 310360), and the Medical Research Council UK (MR/M01939X/1). Part of this work was carried out in the framework of the European COST action EPITRAN 16120. SK receives funding from the DFG (KE1943/3-1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection, and analysis, decision to publish, 5 or preparation of the manuscript

Nationwide emergency department visits for pediatric traumatic spinal cord injury in the United States, 2016–2020

IntroductionTraumatic spinal cord injury (tSCI) is a debilitating neurological condition resulting in lifelong disability for many individuals. The primary objectives of our study were to describe national trends in incident emergency department (ED) visits for tSCI among children (less than 21 years) in the United States, and to determine the proportion of visits that resulted in immediate hospitalization each year, including stratified by age and sex. Secondary objectives were to examine associations between select characteristics and hospitalization following tSCI, as well as to assess sports-related tSCIs over time, including by individual sport and geographic region.MethodsWe used the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Emergency Department Sample to identify ED visits among children between January 2016 and December 2020 for incident tSCI. Diagnosis codes were used to identify tSCI and sports-related injury etiologies. Census Bureau data were used to approximate annual rates of pediatric ED visits for tSCI per 100,000 children. Unconditional logistic regression modeling assessed whether select factors were associated with hospital admission.ResultsWe found that the annual ED visit rate for tSCI remained relatively stable between 2016 and 2020, with approximately 2,200 new all-cause pediatric ED visits for tSCI annually. Roughly 70% of ED visits for tSCI resulted in hospitalization; most ED visits for tSCI were by older children (15–20 years) and males, who were also more often admitted to the hospital. Notable secondary findings included: (a) compared with older children (15–20 years), younger children (10–14 years) were less likely to be hospitalized immediately following an ED visit for tSCI; (b) patient sex and race were not associated with hospital admission; and (c) American tackle football was the leading cause of sports-related ED visits for tSCI among children. Our findings also suggest that the proportion of sports-related tSCI ED visits may have increased in recent years.DiscussionFuture research should further examine trends in the underlying etiologies of pediatric tSCI, while assessing the effectiveness of new and existing interventions aimed at tSCI prevention