Trust and control interrelations: New perspectives on the trust control nexus

This article is the post-print version of the published article that may be accessed at the link below. Copyright @ 2007 Sage Publications.This article introduces the special issue on New Perspectives on the Trust-Control Nexus in Organizational Relations. Trust and control are interlinked processes commonly seen as key to reach effectiveness in inter- and intraorganizational relations. The relation between trust and control is, however, a complex one, and research into this relation has given rise to various and contradictory interpretations of how trust and control relate. A well-known discussion is directed at whether trust and control are better conceived as substitutes, or as complementary mechanisms of governance. The articles in this special issue bring the discussion on the relationship between both concepts a step further by identifying common factors, distinctive mechanisms, and key implications relevant for theory building and empirical research. By studying trust and control through different perspectives and at different levels of analysis, the articles provide new theoretical insights and empirical evidence on the foundations of the trust-control interrelations

Materiality in information environments: Objects, spaces, and bodies in three outpatient hemodialysis facilities

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152032/1/asi24277.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/152032/2/asi24277_am.pd

X-Ray, UV, and radio timing observations of the radio galaxy 3C 120

We report the results of monitoring of the radio galaxy 3C 120 with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory, Very Long Baseline Array, and Metsähovi Radio Observatory. The UV-optical continuum spectrum and R-band polarization can be explained by a superposition of an inverted-spectrum source with a synchrotron component containing a disordered magnetic field. The UV-optical and X-ray light curves include dips and flares, while several superluminal knots appear in the parsec-scale jet. The recovery time of the second dip was longer at UV-optical wavelengths, in conflict with a model in which the inner accretion disk (AD) is disrupted during a dip and then refilled from outer to inner radii. We favor an alternative scenario in which occasional polar alignments of the magnetic field in the disk and corona cause the flux dips and formation of shocks in the jet. Similar to observations of Seyfert galaxies, intra-band time lags of flux variations are longer than predicted by the standard AD model. This suggests that scattering or some other reprocessing occurs. The 37 GHz light curve is well-correlated with the optical-UV variations, with a ∼20 day delay. A radio flare in the jet occurred in a superluminal knot 0.14 milliarcseconds downstream of the 43 GHz "core," which places the site of the preceding X-ray/UV/optical flare within the core 0.5–1.3 pc from the black hole. The inverted UV-optical flare spectrum can be explained by a nearly monoenergetic electron distribution with energy similar to the minimum energy inferred in the TeV γ-ray emitting regions of some BL Lacertae objects.The authors thank I. McHardy, R. Antonucci, and B. Punsly for informative discussions. This study was supported in part by NASA through Swift Guest Investigator grant NNX16AN69G, Fermi Guest Investigator grants NNX14AQ58G and 80NSSC17K0649, and by National Science Foundation grant AST-1615796. This publication makes use of data obtained at the Metsahovi Radio Observatory, operated by Aalto University in Finland. The VLBA is an instrument of the National Radio Astronomy Observatory. The National Radio Astronomy Observatory is a facility of the National Science Foundation operated under cooperative agreement by Associated Universities, Inc. This research has made use of the NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database (NED), which is operated by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. (NNX16AN69G - NASA; NNX14AQ58G - NASA; 80NSSC17K0649 - NASA; AST-1615796 - National Science Foundation; National Aeronautics and Space Administration)Accepted manuscrip

Organizational Adaptation to Changing Environments

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66531/2/10.1177_000276428502800507.pd

Functional diversity of chemokines and chemokine receptors in response to viral infection of the central nervous system.

Encounters with neurotropic viruses result in varied outcomes ranging from encephalitis, paralytic poliomyelitis or other serious consequences to relatively benign infection. One of the principal factors that control the outcome of infection is the localized tissue response and subsequent immune response directed against the invading toxic agent. It is the role of the immune system to contain and control the spread of virus infection in the central nervous system (CNS), and paradoxically, this response may also be pathologic. Chemokines are potent proinflammatory molecules whose expression within virally infected tissues is often associated with protection and/or pathology which correlates with migration and accumulation of immune cells. Indeed, studies with a neurotropic murine coronavirus, mouse hepatitis virus (MHV), have provided important insight into the functional roles of chemokines and chemokine receptors in participating in various aspects of host defense as well as disease development within the CNS. This chapter will highlight recent discoveries that have provided insight into the diverse biologic roles of chemokines and their receptors in coordinating immune responses following viral infection of the CNS

Tensor polarization in elastic electron-deuteron scattering in the momentum transfer range 3.8≤Q≤4.6 fm-1

The tensor polarization of the recoil deuteron in elastic electron-deuteron scattering has been measured at the Bates Linear Accelerator Center at three values of four-momentum transfer Q=3.78, 4.22, and 4.62 fm-1, corresponding to incident electron energies of 653, 755, and 853 MeV. The scattered electrons and the recoil deuterons were detected in coincidence. The recoil deuterons were transported to a liquid hydrogen target to undergo a second scattering. The angular distribution of the d→-p scattering was measured using a polarimeter. The polarimeter was calibrated in an auxiliary experiment using a polarized deuteron beam at the Laboratoire National Saturne. A Monte Carlo procedure was used to generate interpolated calibration data because the energy spread in the deuteron energies in the Bates experiment spanned the range of deuteron energies in the calibration experiment. The extracted values of t20 are compared to predictions of different theoretical models of the electromagnetic form factors of the deuteron: nonrelativistic and relativistic nucleon-meson dynamics, Skyrme model, quark models, and perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Along with the world data the structure functions A(Q) and B(Q) are used to separate the charge monopole and charge quadrupole form factors of the deuteron. A node in the charge monopole form factor is observed at Q=4.39±0.16 fm-1

Radio and γ-ray activity in the jet of the blazar S5 0716+714

We explore the connection between the γ-ray and radio emission in the jet of the blazar 0716+714 by using 15, 37, and 230 GHz radio and 0.1–200 GeV γ-ray light curves spanning 10.5 yr (2008–2019). We find significant positive and negative correlations between radio and γ-ray fluxes in different time ranges. The time delays between radio and γ-ray emission suggest that the observed γ-ray flares originated from multiple regions upstream of the radio core, within a few parsecs from the central engine. Using time-resolved 43 GHz Very Long Baseline Array maps we identified 14 jet components moving downstream along the jet. Their apparent speeds range from 6c to 26c, and they show notable variations in their position angles upstream from the stationary component (∼0.53 mas from the core). The brightness temperature declines as a function of distance from the core according to a power law that becomes shallower at the location of the stationary component. We also find that the periods at which significant correlations between radio and γ-ray emission occur overlap with the times when the jet was oriented to the north. Our results indicate that the passage of a propagating disturbance (or shock) through the radio core and the orientation of the jet might be responsible for the observed correlation between the radio and γ-ray variability. We present a scenario that connects the positive correlation and the unusual anticorrelation by combining the production of a flare and a dip at γ-rays by a strong moving shock at different distances from the jet apex.https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ac31b4/pdfPublished versio

Measurement of tensor polarization in elastic electron-deuteron scattering in the momentum-transfer range 3.8≤q≤4.6 fm-1

The tensor polarization t20 of the recoil deuteron in elastic e-d scattering has been measured for three values of four-momentum transfer, q=3.78, 4.22, and 4.62 fm-1. The data have been used to locate the first node in the charge monopole form factor of the deuteron at q=4.39±0.16 fm-1. The results for t20 are in reasonable agreement with expectations based on the nucleon-meson description of nuclear dynamic

Neutralization titer biomarker for antibody-mediated prevention of HIV-1 acquisition

The Antibody Mediated Prevention trials showed that the broadly neutralizing antibody (bnAb) VRC01 prevented acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) sensitive to VRC01. Using AMP trial data, here we show that the predicted serum neutralization 80% inhibitory dilution titer (PT80) biomarker—which quantifies the neutralization potency of antibodies in an individual’s serum against an HIV-1 isolate—can be used to predict HIV-1 prevention efficacy. Similar to the results of nonhuman primate studies, an average PT80 of 200 (meaning a bnAb concentration 200-fold higher than that required to reduce infection by 80% in vitro) against a population of probable exposing viruses was estimated to be required for 90% prevention efficacy against acquisition of these viruses. Based on this result, we suggest that the goal of sustained PT80 <200 against 90% of circulating viruses can be achieved by promising bnAb regimens engineered for long half-lives. We propose the PT80 biomarker as a surrogate endpoint for evaluatinon of bnAb regimens, and as a tool for benchmarking candidate bnAb-inducing vaccines