147,540 research outputs found
The Effect of Weak Gravitational Lensing on the Angular Distribution of Gamma-Ray Bursts
If Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are cosmologically distributed standard candles
and are associated with the luminous galaxies, then the observed angular
distribution of all GRBs is altered due to weak gravitational lensing of bursts
by density inhomogeneities. The amplitude of the effect is generally small. For
example, if the current catalogs extend to and we live in a
flat Universe, the angular auto-correlation function of GRBs will be
enhanced by due to lensing, on all angular scales. For an extreme
case of and (, )=(0.2, 0.8), an enhancement of
is predicted. If the observed distribution of GRBs is used in the
future to derive power spectra of mass density fluctuations on large angular
scales, the effect of weak lensing should probably be taken into account.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures, uses AASTEX macros, aasms4.sty included,
accepted to Ap
Marginal multi-Bernoulli filters: RFS derivation of MHT, JIPDA and association-based MeMBer
Recent developments in random finite sets (RFSs) have yielded a variety of
tracking methods that avoid data association. This paper derives a form of the
full Bayes RFS filter and observes that data association is implicitly present,
in a data structure similar to MHT. Subsequently, algorithms are obtained by
approximating the distribution of associations. Two algorithms result: one
nearly identical to JIPDA, and another related to the MeMBer filter. Both
improve performance in challenging environments.Comment: Journal version at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7272821.
Matlab code of simple implementation included with ancillary file
Hybrid Poisson and multi-Bernoulli filters
The probability hypothesis density (PHD) and multi-target multi-Bernoulli
(MeMBer) filters are two leading algorithms that have emerged from random
finite sets (RFS). In this paper we study a method which combines these two
approaches. Our work is motivated by a sister paper, which proves that the full
Bayes RFS filter naturally incorporates a Poisson component representing
targets that have never been detected, and a linear combination of
multi-Bernoulli components representing targets under track. Here we
demonstrate the benefit (in speed of track initiation) that maintenance of a
Poisson component of undetected targets provides. Subsequently, we propose a
method of recycling, which projects Bernoulli components with a low probability
of existence onto the Poisson component (as opposed to deleting them). We show
that this allows us to achieve similar tracking performance using a fraction of
the number of Bernoulli components (i.e., tracks).Comment: Submitted to 15th International Conference on Information Fusion
(2012
Of Civil Wrongs and Rights: \u3cem\u3eKiyemba v. Obama\u3c/em\u3e and the Meaning of Freedom, Separation of Powers, and the Rule of Law Ten Years After 9/11
This article is about the rise and fall of continued adherence to the rule of law, proper application of the separation of powers doctrine, and the meaning of freedom for a group of seventeen Uighursâa Turkic Muslim ethnic minority whose members reside in the Xinjiang province of Chinaâwho had been held at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base since 2002. Most scholars regard the trilogy of Hamdi v. Rumsfeld, Hamdan v. Rumsfeld, and Boumediene v. Bush as demonstrating the Supreme Courtâs willingness to uphold the rule of law during the war on terror. The recent experience of the Uighurs suggest that this commitment is either waning or was never as strong as scholars thought. About a year and a half before the tenth anniversary of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States Supreme Court was primed to hear oral arguments in the Uighursâ case known as Kiyemba v. Obama. The issue in this case was whether the Uighurs, who were concededly being detained illegally, would be released from Guantanamo Bay. As a result of the governmentâs latest delay tactics, the Court never heard the merits of the case. Had it done so, the Court, arguably, would have established the contours of a constitutionally required habeas remedy for foreign nationals whose indefinite detention had been judicially declared illegal and no other option but release into the continental interior of the United States is possible. The Courtâs dismissal of the Uighurs previously granted cert petition thus signaled the beginning of the end of the Courtâs landmark âwar-onâterrorâ line of precedential cases culminating in the evisceration of its 2008 seminal case of Boumediene v. Bush. With the D. C. Circuit Court of Appeals decision now reinstated in which the court had held in 2009 that habeas courts had no jurisdiction to order the release of foreign nationals under such circumstances because it was an immigration case triggering the political branchesâ plenary power over which such matters are largely immune from judicial intervention. But Kiyemba v. Obama is not an immigration case. The Uighurs were brought here involuntarily as a result of the governmentâs counterterrorism policies, the implementation of which the Court had declared unlawful over the course of a four year period beginning with Rasul v. Bush in 2004. The D.C. Circuit Court holding, which still stands, was erroneous because the Uighurs never sought to immigrate to this country; their filing of writs of habeas corpus placed the matter solidly in the area of granting constitutionally required habeas relief which a habeas court has jurisdiction to decide. Through political machinations and influences at all levels of government, however, the Supreme Court has more recently decided to end its role of protecting the individual rights of Guantanamo Bay detainees with a series of denials of cert.-petitions without a single dissent authored to voice concerns about the beginning of the end of the Republic Benjamin Franklin once said we had but only if we could keep it. And although most of the original group of Uighurs has subsequently been relocated to other countries, the two still remaining have now entered their second decade of unlawful detention
Involuntary Termination from Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Unknown Phantoms, Red Flags, and Unexplained Medical Data
In the United States, all treatment programs receiving public funds are required by law to regularly submit admission and discharge data, inclusive of the forced/involuntary termination or administrative discharge of clients, to their local state authorities. In some states, this requirement even extends to programs not receiving public funds. The aim of collecting discharge dataâcollected under the auspices of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Association [SAMHSA]âis to assist state and county authorities, funders, and accreditors to monitor recovery-focused program performance. However, investigation here undertaken shows that published discharge data from many state treatment settings are perennially and grossly underreported or misreported. This paper reports on evidence that point to systemic failure of regulatory supervision of treatment settings and the ethical breach in duty and consequent legal culpability in reporting medical data. Policy and practice implications are discussed
Apparatus for electrolytically tapered or contoured cavities
An electrolytic machining apparatus for forming tapered or contoured cavities in an electrically conductive and electrochemically erodible piece is presented. It supports the workpiece and an electrode for movement relatively toward each other and has means for pumping an electrolyte between the workpiece and the electrode
The Messianic Zeal: A Case of Radical Aesthetics in Black Cultural Production
This essay examines artwork by popular artists DâAngelo, Kanye West, Kendrick Lamar and 2pac Shakur and compares their articulations to a larger discourse of messianic symbolism in (black) American popular culture. In this paper, messianic symbolism is a discursive chain of symbols that invoke the Black experience. Artists extend the legacy of earlier representations of black messianism by similarly representing themselves as Jews, saviors or folk heroes with a specific mission to save a world burdened by racial strife and oppression. These qualities manifest in lyrics, album covers, and other late 20th century rhetoric
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