THE HOUSE MOUSE IN POULTRY OPERATIONS: PEST SIGNIFICANCE AND A NOVEL BAITING STRATEGY FOR ITS CONTROL

Enclosed and insulated commercial poultry buildings provide ideal habitat for supporting unusually large populations of the house mouse (Mus musculus L.). Mice cause damage to various structural and operational components of poultry facilities; thus, they are of economic significance as well as general nuisances. Effective mouse control programs in poultry operations are often difficult, complicated, time consuming and inefficient due to various environmental and operational factors intrinsic to commercial poultry facilities. The significance of the house mouse as an economic pest in poultry operations is discussed via the results of a rodent control survey of 161 commercial poultry operations in Indiana. Survey data are presented concerning mouse problem incidence and severity, mouse damage, and mouse control tools and methods operators judged most successful. A research project aimed at developing more cost-effective and efficient methods of controlling mice in commercial poultry operations was begun at Purdue in 1985. The project involves the development of a novel rodenticide baiting strategy utilizing customized PVC anticoagulant bait stations, second-generation anticoagulant baits, and a time-pulse baiting strategy. Preliminary field trials of this baiting technique have produced population reductions of 78.8% and 74.4% in two poultry houses following a one pass application rate. Research addressing additional application rates is continuing as well as investigations into modifications of this baiting strategy for application in other types of poultry and livestock operations

Comparison between Cold/Hot Smart Water Flooding in Sandstone Reservoirs

The incremental oil recovery has been investigated and approved by many laboratory and field projects using water flooding in tertiary stage. The salinity of the injected water is an important factor observed by many researchers. The more salinity decreases the more oil recovery obtained. The investigations on the hot low salinity water flooding have been conducted by many researchers and they found out that it is useful for increasing oil recovery especially heavy oil due to reducing oil viscosity and make it easy to produce to the surface. The thermal expansion of water plays an important role in the incremental oil recovery mechanism, reducing the density of the injected water relative to the aquifer water. This reduces mixing; minimizing thermal loses to the aquifer. Hot water flooding may also increase the economic life of individual wells by as much as a factor of two. Smart water was also used to alter the reservoir wettability and increase oil recovery by manipulating the divalent cations in the injected water. In this study, we used hot and cold smart water and injected both into the sandstone saturated with crude oil in order to investigate the important role of smart water itself and hot smart water. The systematic results showed that changing some cations in the injected brines was better than to spend more money to heat the smart water. The divalent cations Ca2+ and Mg2+ were the most effective component in the smart water. In this study, we also studied the pH effect of the cold/hot smart water effluent smart water EOR

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Reviews of Collective bargaining in industrialised market economics, Appraising and exploring organisations London, Delivering the goods, a history of the Transport Workers' Union in New South Wales 1888-1986, Democracy and control in the workplace, Training contractors for results: a guide for trainers and training managers and Training entrepreneurs for small business creation, lessons from experienc

THE BRONCHODILATOR AND CARDIAC STIMULANT EFFECTS OF Th1165a, SALBUTAMOL AND ISOPROTERENOL

ABSTRACT GILES, RALP

An Integrated Approach for Characterizing Aerosol Climate Impacts and Environmental Interactions

Aerosols exert myriad influences on the earth's environment and climate, and on human health. The complexity of aerosol-related processes requires that information gathered to improve our understanding of climate change must originate from multiple sources, and that effective strategies for data integration need to be established. While a vast array of observed and modeled data are becoming available, the aerosol research community currently lacks the necessary tools and infrastructure to reap maximum scientific benefit from these data. Spatial and temporal sampling differences among a diverse set of sensors, nonuniform data qualities, aerosol mesoscale variabilities, and difficulties in separating cloud effects are some of the challenges that need to be addressed. Maximizing the long-term benefit from these data also requires maintaining consistently well-understood accuracies as measurement approaches evolve and improve. Achieving a comprehensive understanding of how aerosol physical, chemical, and radiative processes impact the earth system can be achieved only through a multidisciplinary, inter-agency, and international initiative capable of dealing with these issues. A systematic approach, capitalizing on modern measurement and modeling techniques, geospatial statistics methodologies, and high-performance information technologies, can provide the necessary machinery to support this objective. We outline a framework for integrating and interpreting observations and models, and establishing an accurate, consistent, and cohesive long-term record, following a strategy whereby information and tools of progressively greater sophistication are incorporated as problems of increasing complexity are tackled. This concept is named the Progressive Aerosol Retrieval and Assimilation Global Observing Network (PARAGON). To encompass the breadth of the effort required, we present a set of recommendations dealing with data interoperability; measurement and model integration; multisensor synergy; data summarization and mining; model evaluation; calibration and validation; augmentation of surface and in situ measurements; advances in passive and active remote sensing; and design of satellite missions. Without an initiative of this nature, the scientific and policy communities will continue to struggle with understanding the quantitative impact of complex aerosol processes on regional and global climate change and air quality

Evaluation of 35mm vertical aerial photography for estimating tree mortality

Evaluation of four 35 mm film:lens combinations for estimating conifer mortality showed that large-scale true color images obtained with Kodak High Speed Ektachrome and color infrared images obtained with Kodak Ektachrome Infrared, both exposed through a 135 mm lens were best. Higher correlation coefficients were found for the true color:135 combination than color IR:135 combination. Correlation between ground counts and photo counts of stereoscopically examined Kodacolor prints was no better and possibly not as good as correlations between ground counts and enlarged images of projected 35 mm transparencies. * This type and format of photography, as with other types and formats, has its advantages and disadvantages, and would be useful in determining 41 mortality rates or making mortality counts on areas where full coverage is not desired. Other innovations are discussed. Survey designs in which plot selection is based on probability proportional to size (numbers of trees) are apparently more efficient than methods employing simple random selection. An estimated mortality rate 41 of 1.5 trees per acre was indicated, and estimates of 9.8 dead goodtopped trees per acre plus an additional 9.5 green high-risk trees per acre were found. Most mortality and tree decline were associated with disease agents, and continuing or accelerated disease-caused decline is expected in the area. Western white pine, lodgepole pine, and Douglas fir accounted for over 90 percent of the recent and older mortality. The widespread occurrence of destructive root pathogens, including Armillariella me flea and Poria weirii (identified on high-risk trees during the survey), indicates that even though tested control measures are unavailable, best available alternatives discussed herein should be considered in management of the area