4,205 research outputs found

    The Effects of Guided Imagery & Music on Anxiety

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    This study examines the effects of guided imagery/music (GIM) and music only on anxiety

    The Effects of Guided Imagery & Music on Anxiety

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    This study examines the effects of guided imagery/music (GIM) and music only on anxiety

    Beyond Goldwater-Nichols

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    This report culminated almost two years of effort at CSIS, which began by developing an approach for both revisiting the Goldwater-Nichols Department of Defense Reorganization Act of 1986 and for addressing issues that were beyond the scope of that landmark legislation

    Report from Sundance 2005: Religion in Independent Film

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    This is the report from the Sundance Film Festival 2005

    ACVIM consensus statement guidelines for the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and monitoring of pulmonary hypertension in dogs.

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    Pulmonary hypertension (PH), defined by increased pressure within the pulmonary vasculature, is a hemodynamic and pathophysiologic state present in a wide variety of cardiovascular, respiratory, and systemic diseases. The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide a multidisciplinary approach to guidelines for the diagnosis, classification, treatment, and monitoring of PH in dogs. Comprehensive evaluation including consideration of signalment, clinical signs, echocardiographic parameters, and results of other diagnostic tests supports the diagnosis of PH and allows identification of associated underlying conditions. Dogs with PH can be classified into the following 6 groups: group 1, pulmonary arterial hypertension; group 2, left heart disease; group 3, respiratory disease/hypoxia; group 4, pulmonary emboli/pulmonary thrombi/pulmonary thromboemboli; group 5, parasitic disease (Dirofilaria and Angiostrongylus); and group 6, disorders that are multifactorial or with unclear mechanisms. The approach to treatment of PH focuses on strategies to decrease the risk of progression, complications, or both, recommendations to target underlying diseases or factors contributing to PH, and PH-specific treatments. Dogs with PH should be monitored for improvement, static condition, or progression, and any identified underlying disorder should be addressed and monitored simultaneously

    Upper extremity freezing and dyscoordination in Parkinson\u27s disease: Effects of amplitude and cadence manipulations

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    Purpose. Motor freezing, the inability to produce effective movement, is associated with decreasing amplitude, hastening of movement, and poor coordination. We investigated how manipulations of movement amplitude and cadence affect upper extremity (UE) coordination as measured by the phase coordination index (PCI)—only previously measured in gait—and freezing of the upper extremity (FO-UE) in people with Parkinson's disease (PD) who experience freezing of gait (PD + FOG), do not experience FOG (PD-FOG), and healthy controls. Methods. Twenty-seven participants with PD and 18 healthy older adults made alternating bimanual movements between targets under four conditions: Baseline; Fast; Small; SmallFast. Kinematic data were recorded and analyzed for PCI and FO-UE events. PCI and FO-UE were compared across groups and conditions. Correlations between UE PCI, gait PCI, FO-UE, and Freezing of Gait Questionnaire (FOG-Q) were determined. Results. PD + FOG had poorer coordination than healthy old during SmallFast. UE coordination correlated with number of FO-UE episodes in two conditions and FOG-Q score in one. No differences existed between PD−/+FOG in coordination or number of FO-UE episodes. Conclusions. Dyscoordination and FO-UE can be elicited by manipulating cadence and amplitude of an alternating bimanual task. It remains unclear whether FO-UE and FOG share common mechanisms

    A search of CO emission lines in blazars: the low molecular gas content of BL Lac objects compared to quasars

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    BL Lacertae (Lac) objects that are detected at very high energies (VHE) are of fundamental importance to study multiple astrophysical processes, including the physics of jets, the properties of the extragalactic background light and the strength of the intergalactic magnetic field. Unfortunately, since most blazars have featureless optical spectra that preclude a redshift determination, a substantial fraction of these VHE extragalactic sources cannot be used for cosmological studies. To assess whether molecular lines are a viable way to establish distances, we have undertaken a pilot programme at the Institut of Millimétrique (IRAM) 30 m telescope to search for CO lines in three BL Lac objects with known redshifts. We report a positive detection of  M⊙ towards 1ES 1959+650, but due to the poor quality of the baseline, this value is affected by a large systematic uncertainty. For the remaining two sources, W Comae and RGB J0710+591, we derive 3σ upper limits at, respectively, and 1.6 × 109  M⊙, assuming a line width of 150 km s−1 and a standard conversion factor α = 4  M⊙ (K km s−1 pc2)−1. If these low molecular gas masses are typical for blazars, blind redshift searches in molecular lines are currently unfeasible. However, deep observations are still a promising way to obtain precise redshifts for sources whose approximate distances are known via indirect methods. Our observations further reveal a deficiency of molecular gas in BL Lac objects compared to quasars, suggesting that the host galaxies of these two types of active galactic nuclei (AGN) are not drawn from the same parent population. Future observations are needed to assess whether this discrepancy is statistically significant, but our pilot programme shows how studies of the interstellar medium in AGN can provide key information to explore the connection between the active nuclei and the host galaxie

    The WISDOM of power spectra: how the galactic gravitational potential impacts a galaxy’s central gas reservoir in simulations and observations

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    Observations indicate that the central gas discs are smoother in early-type galaxies than their late-type counterparts, while recent simulations predict that the dynamical suppression of star formation in spheroid-dominated galaxies is preceded by the suppression of fragmentation of their interstellar media. The mass surface density power spectrum is a powerful tool to constrain the degree of structure within a gas reservoir. Specifically here, we focus on the power spectrum slope and aim to constrain whether the shear induced by a dominant spheroidal potential can induce sufficient turbulence to suppress fragmentation, resulting in the smooth central gas discs observed. We compute surface density power spectra for the nuclear gas reservoirs of fourteen simulated isolated galaxies and twelve galaxies observed as part of the mm-Wave Interferometric Survey of Dark Object Masses (WISDOM) project. Both simulated and observed galaxies range from disc-dominated galaxies to spheroids, with central stellar mass surface densities, a measure of bulge dominance, varying by more than an order of magnitude. For the simulations, the power spectra steepen with increasing central stellar mass surface density, thereby clearly linking the suppression of fragmentation to the shear-driven turbulence induced by the spheroid. The WISDOM observations show a different (but potentially consistent) picture: while there is no correlation between the power spectrum slopes and the central stellar mass surface densities, the slopes scatter around a value of 2.6. This is similar to the behaviour of the slopes of the simulated galaxies with high central stellar mass surface densities, and could indicate that high shear eventually drives incompressible turbulence

    Comparison of the Standardized Video Interview and Interview Assessments of Professionalism and Interpersonal Communication Skills in Emergency Medicine

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    ObjectivesThe Association of American Medical Colleges Standardized Video Interview (SVI) was recently added as a component of emergency medicine (EM) residency applications to provide additional information about interpersonal communication skills (ICS) and knowledge of professionalism (PROF) behaviors. Our objective was to ascertain the correlation between the SVI and residency interviewer assessments of PROF and ICS. Secondary objectives included examination of 1) inter‐ and intrainstitutional assessments of ICS and PROF, 2) correlation of SVI scores with rank order list (ROL) positions, and 3) the potential influence of gender on interview day assessments.MethodsWe conducted an observational study using prospectively collected data from seven EM residency programs during 2017 and 2018 using a standardized instrument. Correlations between interview day PROF/ICS scores and the SVI were tested. A one‐way analysis of variance was used to analyze the association of SVI and ROL position. Gender differences were assessed with independent‐groups t‐tests.ResultsA total of 1,264 interview‐day encounters from 773 unique applicants resulted in 4,854 interviews conducted by 151 interviewers. Both PROF and ICS demonstrated a small positive correlation with the SVI score (r = 0.16 and r = 0.17, respectively). ROL position was associated with SVI score (p < 0.001), with mean SVI scores for top‐, middle‐, and bottom‐third applicants being 20.9, 20.5, and 19.8, respectively. No group differences with gender were identified on assessments of PROF or ICS.ConclusionsInterview assessments of PROF and ICS have a small, positive correlation with SVI scores. These residency selection tools may be measuring related, but not redundant, applicant characteristics. We did not identify gender differences in interview assessments.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150548/1/aet210346_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150548/2/aet210346.pd

    Modal Gating of Human CaV2.1 (P/Q-type) Calcium Channels: I. The Slow and the Fast Gating Modes and their Modulation by β Subunits

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    The single channel gating properties of human CaV2.1 (P/Q-type) calcium channels and their modulation by the auxiliary β1b, β2e, β3a, and β4a subunits were investigated with cell-attached patch-clamp recordings on HEK293 cells stably expressing human CaV2.1 channels. These calcium channels showed a complex modal gating, which is described in this and the following paper (Fellin, T., S. Luvisetto, M. Spagnolo, and D. Pietrobon. 2004. J. Gen. Physiol. 124:463–474). Here, we report the characterization of two modes of gating of human CaV2.1 channels, the slow mode and the fast mode. A channel in the two gating modes differs in mean closed times and latency to first opening (both longer in the slow mode), in voltage dependence of the open probability (larger depolarizations are necessary to open the channel in the slow mode), in kinetics of inactivation (slower in the slow mode), and voltage dependence of steady-state inactivation (occurring at less negative voltages in the slow mode). CaV2.1 channels containing any of the four β subtypes can gate in either the slow or the fast mode, with only minor differences in the rate constants of the transitions between closed and open states within each mode. In both modes, CaV2.1 channels display different rates of inactivation and different steady-state inactivation depending on the β subtype. The type of β subunit also modulates the relative occurrence of the slow and the fast gating mode of CaV2.1 channels; β3a promotes the fast mode, whereas β4a promotes the slow mode. The prevailing mode of gating of CaV2.1 channels lacking a β subunit is a gating mode in which the channel shows shorter mean open times, longer mean closed times, longer first latency, a much larger fraction of nulls, and activates at more positive voltages than in either the fast or slow mode
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