Men and Friendship: An Exploration of Male Perceptions of Same-sex Friendships

Differences between female and male same-sex friendships have been the subject of numerous studies. Additionally, male same-sex friendships have been studied independent of the differences related to female same-sex friendships. Despite these studies, a comprehensive, agreed on definition of male friendship remains unclear or ill-defined. The manner in which men perceive, express and experience same-sex friendships can be viewed as learned behaviors based on gender schema and sex typing. Men’s friendships, as viewed through the gender schema theory, are shaped through the association of gender based male identity and male behaviors. This phenomenological study investigated male perceptions of same-sex male friendships. The broad research question for my study was how do men experience friendship? Through interviews with eight men, data were collected, analyzed by each case that produced a total of 52 themes for all participants, and then a cross-case analysis produced nine super-ordinate themes. The resultant super-ordinate themes were the basis for responding to the main research question and five specific research questions. Findings from my study allowed for the identification of specific components important to the participants regarding their friendships. A second finding was related to social expectations of participants’ friendships. Implications of my study revealed that although men are generally assumed resistant to counseling, they look upon counseling favorably. For counselors and counselor educators, a better understanding of the way men experience friendship could ultimately be a resource for better practice in the way men are attracted to and perceive the counseling practice

Differential Cross Sections and Spin Density Matrix Elements for the Reaction \u3ci\u3eγp\u3c/i\u3e→\u3ci\u3epω\u3c/i\u3e

High-statistics differential cross sections and spin-density matrix elements for the reaction γp → pω have been measured using the CEBAF large acceptance spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab for center-of-mass (c.m.) energies from threshold up to 2.84 GeV. Results are reported in 112 10-MeV wide c.m. energy bins, each subdivided into cos θωc.m. bins of width 0.1. These are the most precise and extensive ω photoproduction measurements to date. A number of prominent structures are clearly present in the data. Many of these have not previously been observed due to limited statistics in earlier measurements

Partial Wave Analysis of the Reaction \u3cem\u3eγp\u3c/em\u3e→\u3cem\u3epω\u3c/em\u3e and the Search for Nucleon Resonances

An event-based partial wave analysis (PWA) of the reaction γp → pω has been performed on a high-statistics dataset obtained using the CLAS at Jefferson Lab for center-of-mass energies from threshold up to 2.4 GeV. This analysis benefits from access to the world’s first high-precision spin-density matrix element measurements, available to the event-based PWA through the decay distribution of ω → π +π −π0. The data confirm the dominance of the t-channel π0 exchange amplitude in the forward direction. The dominant resonance contributions are consistent with the previously identified states F15(1680) and D13(1700) near threshold, as well as the G17(2190) at higher energies. Suggestive evidence for the presence of a J P = 5/2+ state around 2 GeV, a “missing” state, has also been found. Evidence for other states is inconclusive

Differential Cross Sections for the Reactions \u3ci\u3eγp\u3c/i\u3e→\u3ci\u3epη\u3c/i\u3e and \u3ci\u3eγp\u3c/i\u3e→\u3ci\u3epη\u27\u3c/i\u3e

High-statistics differential cross sections for the reactions γp → pη and γp → pη\u27 have been measured using the CEBAF large acceptance spectrometer (CLAS) at Jefferson Lab for center-of-mass energies from near threshold up to 2.84 GeV. The η\u27 results are the most precise to date and provide the largest energy and angular coverage. The η measurements extend the energy range of the world’s large-angle results by approximately 300 MeV. These new data, in particular the η\u27 measurements, are likely to help constrain the analyses being performed to search for new baryon resonance states

Dynamic Controllability of Temporally-flexible Reactive Programs

In this paper we extend dynamic controllability of temporally-flexible plans to temporally-flexible reactive programs. We consider three reactive programming language constructs whose behavior depends on runtime observations; conditional execution, iteration, and exception handling. Temporally-flexible reactive programs are distinguished from temporally-flexible plans in that program execution is conditioned on the runtime state of the world. In addition, exceptions are thrown and caught at runtime in response to violated timing constraints, and handled exceptions are considered successful program executions. Dynamic controllability corresponds to a guarantee that a program will execute to completion, despite runtime constraint violations and uncertainty in runtime state. An algorithm is developed which frames the dynamic controllability problem as an AND/OR search tree over possible program executions. A key advantage of this approach is the ability to enumerate only a subset of possible program executions that guarantees dynamic controllability, framed as an AND/OR solution subtree

Io's polar volcanic thermal emission indicative of magma ocean and shallow tidal heating models

The distribution of Io's volcanic activity likely reflects the position and magnitude of internal tidal heating. We use new observations of Io's polar regions by the Juno spacecraft Jovian Infrared Auroral Mapper (JIRAM) to complete near-infrared global coverage, revealing the global distribution and magnitude of thermal emission from Io's currently erupting volcanoes. We show that the distribution of volcanic heat flow from 266 active hot spots is consistent with the presence of a global magma ocean, and/or shallow asthenospheric heating. We find that Io's polar volcanoes are less energetic but about the same in number per unit area than at lower latitudes. We also find that volcanic heat flow in the north polar cap is greater than that in the south. The low volcanic advection seen at Io's poles is therefore at odds with measurements of background temperature showing Io's poles are anomalously warm. We suggest that the differences in volcanic thermal emission from Io's poles compared to that at lower latitudes is indicative of lithospheric dichotomies that inhibit volcanic advection towards Io's poles, particularly in the south polar region.Comment: 17 pages, two tables, 7 figure

High-resolution physical map for chromosome 16q12.1-q13, the Blau syndrome locus

BACKGROUND: The Blau syndrome (MIM 186580), an autosomal dominant granulomatous disease, was previously mapped to chromosome 16p12-q21. However, inconsistent physical maps of the region and consequently an unknown order of microsatellite markers, hampered us from further refining the genetic locus for the Blau syndrome. To address this problem, we constructed our own high-resolution physical map for the Blau susceptibility region. RESULTS: We generated a high-resolution physical map that provides more than 90% coverage of a refined Blau susceptibility region. The map consists of four contigs of sequence tagged site-based bacterial artificial chromosomes with a total of 124 bacterial artificial chromosomes, and spans approximately 7.5 Mbp; however, three gaps still exist in this map with sizes of 425, 530 and 375 kbp, respectively, estimated from radiation hybrid mapping. CONCLUSIONS: Our high-resolution map will assist genetic studies of loci in the interval from D16S3080, near D16S409, and D16S408 (16q12.1 to 16q13)