Women\u27s Rights are Human Rights, Status of Women in the Universal Church

Abstract Status of Women in the Universal Church This paper will be looking at the status of women from biblical times to their current position in the universal church. Throughout recorded history women have been considered the weaker sex. This concept is taken from biblical writings in the third chapter of 1 Peter “Likewise, ye husbands, dwell with them according to knowledge, giving honor unto the wife, as unto the weaker vessel, and as being heirs together of the grace of life; that your prayers be not hindered” (1 Peter 3:7,King James Bible (KJB)). Although the text says “honor” and “being heirs together of the grace,” men chose to remember the term “weaker vessel”. The purpose of this paper is to explore the progression of the concept of the female sex being thought of as the “weaker vessel” and how that has evolved into the discrimination of women today, specifically those involved in the universal church. The progression of this paper will move from Biblical times through current day, where The Convention of the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW) will be discussed and used as a lens to examine the current status of women in the church. Key Words CEDAW Human Rights Women\u27s Rights Universal Churc

Love Loves All

Our love is the strongest.And it has forced us into this undying relationship.The disease that ravaged the countrySomehow, it brought us closer. ~excerpt from poe

Decentralized Sewer Unit Packages as an Alternative for Bulloch County to Manage Fast Growth

Throughout the state of Georgia, rural areas rely on septic tanks to dispose of bodily waste for small commercial, industrial, and residential construction. Septic tanks act as the most conventional system when properties fall outside the service areas of municipal and private wastewater treatment facilities. Bulloch County has a vast number of rural dwellings within its boundaries. Moreover, the County experienced a steady 3 to 5% annual growth over the last several years. Therefore, an examination of alternatives to the traditional septic systems is warranted if the County wishes to maintain continued sustainable growth. This study focuses on the factors driving growth in Bulloch county including: population, housing, commercial and industrial development, subdivision development, assessed property values, and future development projections. Next, we compare two waste disposal systems that could substitute for traditional septic systems: a Small Diameter Gravity System (SDGS) and the Bioclere Onsite Wastewater Treatment System. Working Paper Number 2005-001

The Influence of a K-5 Science Endorsement on the Professional Knowledge Bases of Elementary Teachers

Elementary teachers face many constraints when teaching science including limited time, content knowledge, confidence, and experience with reform-oriented instructional practices (Lee & Houseal, 2003; Davis, Petish & Smithey, 2006; Appleton, 2007; Metz, 2009; Wilson & Kittleson, 2011). The scope of this study was to (a) explore the influence of a K-5 science endorsement on the dimensions of professional knowledge of elementary science teachers and (b) to explore how those knowledge bases inform a teacher’s Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK). Within the consensus definition of PCK, PCK is defined as “knowledge of, reasoning behind, and planning for teaching a particular topic in a particular way for a particular purpose to particular students for enhanced student outcomes” (Gess-Newsome & Carlson, 2013). Fifty four elementary teachers that had completed a K-5 science endorsement participated in the study. A mixed methods study was conducted to explore the influence of the endorsement on the dimensions of knowledge of elementary teacher. Content pre/post assessments on life, earth, and physical science content; and a retrospective pre/post self-efficacy and background survey were administered to all participants. A cross-case analysis of six participants was conducted to explore the professional knowledge bases of these participants following the endorsement. Observations, interviews, and document analysis were the qualitative data analyzed. The teachers began the endorsement with a higher efficacy for pedagogical knowledge and a lower efficacy for reform-oriented instructional practices. Quantitative and qualitative data suggest a shift towards more reform-oriented practices following the endorsement. Pre/post content assessments and a retrospective pre/post self-efficacy survey showed statistically significant increases in content knowledge and self-efficacy following the endorsement. Observations and interviews provided support for emerging orientations towards the use of reform-based instructional strategies. Findings suggest the important role of an elementary teacher’s beginning pedagogical knowledge in the shift toward a reform-orientation. Multiple regression analyses provide an exploratory model for understanding the interactions of an elementary teacher’s professional knowledge bases following a reform-oriented professional development. This study provides insight to how elementary teachers navigate reform-oriented pedagogy in science

Edge Contours

The accuracy with which a computer vision system is able to identify objects in an image is heavily dependent upon the accuracy of the low level processes that identify which points lie on the edges of an object. In order to remove noise and fine texture from an image, it is usually smoothed before edge detection is performed. This smoothing causes edges to be displaced from their actual location in the image. Knowledge about the changes that occur with different degrees of smoothing (scales) and the physical conditions that cause these changes is essential to proper interpretation of the results obtained. In this work the amount of delocalization and the magnitude of the response to the Normalized Gradient of Gaussian operator are analyzed as a function of σ, the standard deviation of the Gaussian. As a result of this analysis it was determined that edge points could be characterized as to slope, contrast, and proximity to other edges. The analysis is also used to define the size that the neighborhood of an edge point must be in order to assure its containing the delocalized edge point at another scale when σ is known. Given this theoretical background, an algorithm was developed to obtain sequential lists of edge points. This used multiple scales in order to achieve the superior localization and detection of weak edges possible with smaller scales combined with the noise suppression of the larger scales. The edge contours obtained with this method are significantly better than those achieved with a single scale. A second algorithm was developed to allow sets of edge contour points to be represented as active contours so that interaction with a higher level process is possible. This higher level process could do such things as determine where corners or discontinuities could appear. The algorithm developed here allows hard constraints and represents a significant improvement in speed over previous algorithms allowing hard constraints, being linear rather than cubic

An Anti-Deficit Approach to the Study of Persistence: Factors Influencing Persistence Among Black Males Attending Community College

The vast majority of literature on postsecondary Black males emphasizes the lack of academic success for this segment. Research reports that Black males have lower levels of academic achievement, ranking at or near the bottom of most success indicators, which include enrollment, persistence, engagement, and attainment. However, in examining the discourse on postsecondary Black males, a great deal of research is deficit-based. Providing a counter-narrative to the plethora of deficit-based literature on postsecondary Black males, this study is guided by an anti-deficit approach that seeks to highlight factors that influence persistence among Black men attending community college. This mixed method study will pursue a detailed account of the personal and institutional experiences that encourage firsttime, full-time, Black male students to persist toward successful completion of an associate degree or certificate within the guidelines set by the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System. Specifically, this research seeks to understand how this segment perceives their academic, social, and intrapersonal experiences have helped them to persist toward graduation from a community college