4 research outputs found
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Parental Expressions of Love and Care among Chinese Immigrant Families
Parents’ communication of love and care to their child is arguably a universal behavior found among all species. Yet expressions of human love and care are multi-faceted and found to be culturally-varied. In this dissertation, I examine Chinese American parent-child conversations as a case for the multiple ways in which parents express love and care to their child, building on cultural theories about emotion and parenting. In a sample of 1st generation Chinese American immigrant parents (N =110) and their children (M = 9.16 years old), I measured cultural orientation, parenting style, and expressions of love and care during a dyadic affection discussion task. Three types of affection styles were found: training (guan), relational affirmation, and validation. Results showed that Chinese parents with lower American orientation discussed training more often to express affection. In addition, socioeconomic status (SES) was found to be a robust predictor of affection style. Higher SES was associated with validation, whereas lower SES was associated with training and relational affirmation. Finally, in moments when parents spoke Chinese, they were more likely to discuss training and relational affirmation, whereas parents who used more English were likely to use validation to express affection toward their child. Cultural theories of emotion and parenting may explain varied expressions of affection styles, including training, relational affirmation, and validation. Beyond the static view that immigrant families espouse heritage and host cultural values, the present dissertation demonstrates how these multiple cultural practices dynamically unfold in conversation. Bilingual code-switching found in these family conversations of love and care may reflect one way in which immigrant parents adopt the new unfamiliar context, while also respecting the old familiar context, thereby bridging the emotional acculturation gap
Relations of English and Heritage Language Proficiency to Response Inhibition and Attention Shifting in Dual Language Learners in Head Start
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Dynamic Associations Between Emotion Expressions and Strategy Use in Chinese American and Mexican American Preschoolers
Previous studies of emotion regulation in young children commonly used between-person approaches, which limit our understanding of dynamic and temporal relations between emotion expressions and strategy use. Further, previous work has mainly focused on temperamental reactivity among White children, and it is unclear whether these findings can generalize to children of Asian and Latinx origins. In the current study, we examined the within-person temporal associations between emotion expressions and strategy use among 3- to 5-year-old children in low-income Chinese American (CA) and Mexican American (MA) families. Children's emotion expressions (positive and negative) and strategy use (gaze aversion, self-soothing, fidgeting, and language) during an unfair social interaction task were coded by 10-s epoch. Executive functions were examined as between-person level predictors of strategy use. Multilevel modeling was conducted to examine whether positive and negative emotion expressions at one epoch (t-1) predicted strategy use at the following epoch (t). The results indicate that positive emotion expressions predicted an increase in fidgeting at the next epoch (β = .34, p < .01). Executive functions were unrelated to strategy use. Cultural group differences were found: CA children displayed lower intensity of positive emotion and fewer strategy use compared with MA children. The present findings inform theories on the dynamics of emotion regulation in young children and have implications for interventions with underrepresented immigrant populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
Empagliflozin in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Background The effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease who are at risk for disease progression are not well understood. The EMPA-KIDNEY trial was designed to assess the effects of treatment with empagliflozin in a broad range of such patients. Methods We enrolled patients with chronic kidney disease who had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of at least 20 but less than 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) of body-surface area, or who had an eGFR of at least 45 but less than 90 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2) with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (with albumin measured in milligrams and creatinine measured in grams) of at least 200. Patients were randomly assigned to receive empagliflozin (10 mg once daily) or matching placebo. The primary outcome was a composite of progression of kidney disease (defined as end-stage kidney disease, a sustained decrease in eGFR to < 10 ml per minute per 1.73 m(2), a sustained decrease in eGFR of & GE;40% from baseline, or death from renal causes) or death from cardiovascular causes. Results A total of 6609 patients underwent randomization. During a median of 2.0 years of follow-up, progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes occurred in 432 of 3304 patients (13.1%) in the empagliflozin group and in 558 of 3305 patients (16.9%) in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64 to 0.82; P < 0.001). Results were consistent among patients with or without diabetes and across subgroups defined according to eGFR ranges. The rate of hospitalization from any cause was lower in the empagliflozin group than in the placebo group (hazard ratio, 0.86; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.95; P=0.003), but there were no significant between-group differences with respect to the composite outcome of hospitalization for heart failure or death from cardiovascular causes (which occurred in 4.0% in the empagliflozin group and 4.6% in the placebo group) or death from any cause (in 4.5% and 5.1%, respectively). The rates of serious adverse events were similar in the two groups. Conclusions Among a wide range of patients with chronic kidney disease who were at risk for disease progression, empagliflozin therapy led to a lower risk of progression of kidney disease or death from cardiovascular causes than placebo