174,445 research outputs found
The Effect of Weak Gravitational Lensing on the Angular Distribution of Gamma-Ray Bursts
If Gamma-Ray Bursts (GRBs) are cosmologically distributed standard candles
and are associated with the luminous galaxies, then the observed angular
distribution of all GRBs is altered due to weak gravitational lensing of bursts
by density inhomogeneities. The amplitude of the effect is generally small. For
example, if the current catalogs extend to and we live in a
flat Universe, the angular auto-correlation function of GRBs will be
enhanced by due to lensing, on all angular scales. For an extreme
case of and (, )=(0.2, 0.8), an enhancement of
is predicted. If the observed distribution of GRBs is used in the
future to derive power spectra of mass density fluctuations on large angular
scales, the effect of weak lensing should probably be taken into account.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figures, uses AASTEX macros, aasms4.sty included,
accepted to Ap
Marginal multi-Bernoulli filters: RFS derivation of MHT, JIPDA and association-based MeMBer
Recent developments in random finite sets (RFSs) have yielded a variety of
tracking methods that avoid data association. This paper derives a form of the
full Bayes RFS filter and observes that data association is implicitly present,
in a data structure similar to MHT. Subsequently, algorithms are obtained by
approximating the distribution of associations. Two algorithms result: one
nearly identical to JIPDA, and another related to the MeMBer filter. Both
improve performance in challenging environments.Comment: Journal version at http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/7272821.
Matlab code of simple implementation included with ancillary file
Hybrid Poisson and multi-Bernoulli filters
The probability hypothesis density (PHD) and multi-target multi-Bernoulli
(MeMBer) filters are two leading algorithms that have emerged from random
finite sets (RFS). In this paper we study a method which combines these two
approaches. Our work is motivated by a sister paper, which proves that the full
Bayes RFS filter naturally incorporates a Poisson component representing
targets that have never been detected, and a linear combination of
multi-Bernoulli components representing targets under track. Here we
demonstrate the benefit (in speed of track initiation) that maintenance of a
Poisson component of undetected targets provides. Subsequently, we propose a
method of recycling, which projects Bernoulli components with a low probability
of existence onto the Poisson component (as opposed to deleting them). We show
that this allows us to achieve similar tracking performance using a fraction of
the number of Bernoulli components (i.e., tracks).Comment: Submitted to 15th International Conference on Information Fusion
(2012
Involuntary Termination from Substance Use Disorder Treatment: Unknown Phantoms, Red Flags, and Unexplained Medical Data
In the United States, all treatment programs receiving public funds are required by law to regularly submit admission and discharge data, inclusive of the forced/involuntary termination or administrative discharge of clients, to their local state authorities. In some states, this requirement even extends to programs not receiving public funds. The aim of collecting discharge data—collected under the auspices of the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Association [SAMHSA]—is to assist state and county authorities, funders, and accreditors to monitor recovery-focused program performance. However, investigation here undertaken shows that published discharge data from many state treatment settings are perennially and grossly underreported or misreported. This paper reports on evidence that point to systemic failure of regulatory supervision of treatment settings and the ethical breach in duty and consequent legal culpability in reporting medical data. Policy and practice implications are discussed
At the pillar of the proverbial Golden Calf: Sacrificing the Need for ‘Responsible Knowing’ on the Altar of a Compliance-Based Ethic
Evidence-based practice (EBP) has been promoted and adopted broadly and has led to advances in health and human services. Notwithstanding the underlying rationale of EBP philosophy to diversify the current body of information concerning evidence-based practices, this paper draws attention to critical thinking fallacies that confound non-evidence-based “treatment as usual” practice with actual EBP philosophy. Flawed belief systems about EBP, in tandem with a compliance-based culture, fail to provide structure to the possibility of evidence-based practice philosophy and proper use of EB treatment modalities. Impediments to EBP implementation are created by lack of “responsible knowing” and this results in practitioner complacency toward means of augmenting effective treatment. However, insofar as EBP implementation confronts tension between ‘responsible knowing’ and compliance-based program culture, it gives way to confusion, misdirection, and complacency towards what can be known about EBP and the information gleaned about it. Effectively limiting important aspects of being a responsible knower in terms of the ability to embody accurate knowledge and practice philosophy. Thus, the compliance-based ethic risks incompatibility with the ethical freedom necessary for responsible knowing and is in constant conflict with the proper implementation of EBP.
Keywords: compliance-based ethics, evidence-based practice, fallacies, testimonial injustice, critical thinking, human service
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Number of Pages: 4Integrative BiologyGeological Science
Apparatus for electrolytically tapered or contoured cavities
An electrolytic machining apparatus for forming tapered or contoured cavities in an electrically conductive and electrochemically erodible piece is presented. It supports the workpiece and an electrode for movement relatively toward each other and has means for pumping an electrolyte between the workpiece and the electrode
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