The Microphysics of Deportation A Critical Reading of Return Flight Monitoring Reports

In the paper, I argue there is a whole political logistics to deportation. This is made visible by bringing the concept of microphysics to bear on the topic. Taking the case of enforced and escorted removals from the UK, I show that this logistics is vividly and graphically documented in the inspection reports. Hitherto largely ignored, inspection reports offer researchers a trove of information regarding the mechanisms and procedures of deportation. As I finally draw out, this focus can speak to questions about the relationship of ethics to deportation: the inspection reports show how a certain form of ethical calculation, based on a risk-based approach to the use of force has been inscribed into the practices of deportation. DOI 10.17879/95189425134

Schifffahrtsindustrie und die gouvernementale Verwaltung des blinden Passagiers

Despite the keen interest the social sciences have shown in migration as a form of border transgression, the figure of the stowaway has received surprisingly little critical scrutiny. This paper suggests that the policing of stowaways by sea merits greater attention. Following a brief discussion of the changing problematic of the stowaway, it focuses on one particular aspect of the governance of stowaways: the role of maritime insurance companies and shipping consultants who have made the prevention and resolution of stowaway incidents into a normal part of their business. A focus on the activities of these agents is merited because it allows for a fuller account of the policing of transgressive migratory practices and identities at maritime borders. But this focus also allows for a rethinking of certain key concepts within migration and border studies more broadly. First, it prompts us to revise what we understand by ‘securitization’. To this end the paper highlights the extent to which the securitization of the stowaway involves banal and technical practices much more it does than the dramatic acts of threat construction usually associated with the term. Second, this case challenges us to rethink how we understand deportation. For it brings to light the way in which insurers and shipping experts operate as a private industry which specializes in the disembarkation and repatriation of stowaways. A fascinating feature of this stowaway removal industry is that it must negotiate the return of its subjects not just into the political space of the world of states, but the terrestrial space of dry land

The Use of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in Transition Metal Catalysis

N-heterocyclic carbenes have been used as ligands for metals compounds that are function as catalysts to perform a variety of organic chemical transformations. These catalysts have been used in olefin metathesis, cross coupling reactions to form C-C or C-N bonds, and in hydrogenations of ketones and alkenes as well as other miscellaneous reactions. The N-heterocyclic ligands have improved the yields of these reactions as well as increased their scopes. Many research groups around the world have become interested N-heterocyclic carbenes as ligands for catalysts which has resulted in the rapid development of the ligands and the catalysts that use them. It is possible that the N-heterocyclic ligands will replace phosphine ligands in a variety of catalyst systems

An assessment of the capacity of the Red Cross National Societies to address the psychological and social needs of survivors of disasters and complex emergencies in Central and South America

This qualitative evaluation examines the capacity of the Red Cross National Societies in El Salvador, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia, Peru and Argentina to address the psychological and social needs of the survivors of disasters and complex emergencies. Specifically, the study explored how individuals working with the Red Cross perceive the services that are currently being offered, what are the strengths and limitations of these services, and what they believe the Red Cross can do to enhance its capacity to effectively assist vulnerable populations to deal with the traumatic effects of disasters and complex emergencies? Field research was carried out over a 15 week period in six Latin American countries. Thirty-four semi structured interviews were conducted, and five round table discussion sessions hosted. Participants varied on gender, socioeconomic status, education level, and represented differing regions of their respective country—rural and urban. All participants were members of the Red Cross and functioned in either a paid or voluntary capacity—each having been an active participant in a recent or historic Red Cross humanitarian aid initiative. It quickly became evident that while the Red Cross and other aid agencies can learn much from experts as to how to carry out relief, rehabilitation and recovery initiatives on a global level, the true experts to whom such organizations should listen are those who work in the front line and who are members of the affected communities. These individuals are sensitive to the local context, more attuned to the needs of the local population, and aware of the strategies that need to be employed to promote healing among affected populations. This strategy for healing reportedly entails a holistic and integrated approach that focuses on community capacity building and training, with the utilization of local resources (human and material) and the establishment of partnerships within the community. It was believed that such an investment in creating community capacity would not only aid in attending to psychological and emotional wellness directly following a disaster, it would also promote the long term sustainability of such services. Further, it was argued that working with and empowering communities, humanitarian aid agencies would ensure that the programs and services offered are culturally sensitive and respectful of local realities. No longer can we view members of the affected communities as auxiliary supports and/or passive recipients of aid. These individuals need to be viewed as invaluable agency resources and active agents in the community healing process

Multimodal interventions to enhance adherence to secondary preventive medication after stroke: a systematic review and meta-analyses

Summary: Introduction: Nonadherence to secondary preventative medications after stroke is common and is associated with poor outcomes. Numerous strategies exist to promote adherence. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe the efficacy of strategies to improve adherence to stroke secondary prevention. Methods: We created a sensitive search strategy and searched multiple electronic databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, CENTRAL, and Web of Knowledge) for studies of interventions that aimed to enhance adherence to secondary preventative medication after stroke. We assessed quality of included studies using the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias. We performed narrative review and performed meta-analysis where data allowed. Results: From 12,237 titles, we included seventeen studies in our review. Eleven studies were considered to have high risk of bias, 3 with unclear risk, and 3 of low risk. Meta-analysis of available data suggested that these interventions improved adherence to individual medication classes (blood pressure-lowering drugs – OR, 2.21; 95% CI (1.63, 2.98), [P < 0.001], lipid-lowering drugs – OR, 2.11; 95% CI (1.00, 4.46), [P = 0.049], and antithrombotic drugs – OR, 2.32; 95% CI (1.18, 4.56, [P = 0.014]) but did not improve adherence to an overall secondary preventative medication regimen (OR, 1.96; 95% CI (0.50, 7.67), [P = 0.332]). Conclusion: Interventions can lead to improvement in adherence to secondary preventative medication after stroke. However, existing data is limited as several interventions, duration of follow-up, and various definitions were used. These findings need to be interpreted with caution

The Effect of Tonal Proximity upon the Memory of a Set of Tones

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the characteristics of music to which people respond. Ortmann\u27s finding that the songs of Schubert, Schumann, Brahms, and R. Strauss are characterized by more frequent use of smaller intervals implies that small intervals are more typical in western music. In Experiment I random sets of notes were played by the experimenter on a toy xylophone, and the subject was asked to reproduce the set on an identical instrument. The results were that subjects were generally capable of finding the correct notes, but this ability declined as the size of the set increased. Experiment II was completed in order to discern the effect of interval size upon the memory of a set of notes. Four sets of numbers were constructed, with each number referring to a key on the experimenter\u27s xylophone. The intervals within the four sets were 0-1, 1-2, 2-3, and 3-4. The data were not completely consistent; however, the results tended to support the contention that as interval size increases, the level of performance declines. Subjects also tended to restrict the range of their responses. The conclusion was that the subjects tend to prefer smaller intervals because they are more characteristic of the music to which they are accustomed. Attempts were made to explain the inconsistences of the data and to relate the results to Bartlett\u27s theory of mind

Immunoglobulin variable-region gene mutational lineage tree analysis: application to autoimmune diseases

Lineage trees have frequently been drawn to illustrate diversification, via somatic hypermutation (SHM), of immunoglobulin variable-region (IGV) genes. In order to extract more information from IGV sequences, we developed a novel mathematical method for analyzing the graphical properties of IgV gene lineage trees, allowing quantification of the differences between the dynamics of SHM and antigen-driven selection in different lymphoid tissues, species, and disease situations. Here, we investigated trees generated from published IGV sequence data from B cell clones participating in autoimmune responses in patients with Myasthenia Gravis (MG), Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), and Sjögren's Syndrome (SS). At present, as no standards exist for cell sampling and sequence extraction methods, data obtained by different research groups from two studies of the same disease often vary considerably. Nevertheless, based on comparisons of data groups within individual studies, we show here that lineage trees from different individual patients are often similar and can be grouped together, as can trees from two different tissues in the same patient, and even from IgG- and IgA-expressing B cell clones. Additionally, lineage trees from most studies reflect the chronic character of autoimmune diseases