Technology, Control, and the Social Organization of Work at a British Hardware Firm, 1791-1891

This is the published version. Copyright 1987 University of Chicago Press.This paper examines the social relations of production at a British metal-trades firm throughout the 19th century. The case study reveals the existence of two distinct political apparatuses, or regimes, identified in provious literature, that govern production relations. The first regime, between 1791 and 1867, is described as patriarchal because production is organized around adult, male, internal subcontactors and their families. In the second period, roughly 1868-91, the regime is characterized as paternalistic since it attempts to align the interests of capital and worker through family, work, and community life. The analysis uncovers social and economic forces that undermined the system of internal subcontracting and patriarchy and fostered paternalism. Emerging paternalism shaped the struggles over the introduction of new technologies that formed the basis for the real subordination of labor to capital

In the Interest of the State: Production Politics in the Nineteenth Century Prison

This is the published version. Copyright 1990 University of California Press.During the nineteenth century, the jails, penitentiaries, and reformatories of America were "industrialized" under both public and private production regimes. Society-centered revisionist writing in both sociology and history has failed to explain adequately the appearance, consequence, and ultimate dismantling of these regimes. In this paper I offer an alternative, state-centered analysis which locates the political state within its interdependent relationship with the economic and normative spheres of society. My view underscores the role of state managers and agents as historical subjects whose actions have consequences for the structuring of the state apparatus

The Culture of Surveillance Revisited: Total Information Awareness and the New Privacy Landscape

Three things: 1) I expect, as we have already seen in fact, a shift in the scope and quality of social monitoring we can likely expect in the post 9/11 period. I would suggest that the attacks of September 11 have provided an extraordinary opportunity for the state to extend its "governability (Foucault 1991) of the popula tion through a new set of surveillance and control mechanisms; 2) I would argue that the only way that the state is going to implement this kind of large scale, integrated, digitized system of surveillance of the populace is through the cooperation of both corporate capital and, by extension, the populace itself; and 3) I would like to call attention to how a new digital surveillance system will work to constitute our virtual identities as both consumers and citizens

Toward a Structural Perspective on Gender Bias in the Juvenile Court

This is the published version. Copyright 1984 University of California Press.A number of hypotheses about the effect of gender on the likelihood of incarceration in the juvenile court are tested. A purposive sample of 3911 delinquent (nonstatus) offending youths from 19 juristictions throughout the United States is analyzed employing the log-linear technique to control for the legal variables of severity of offense and prior record. The results indicate that females were less likely to be incarcerated than were males throughout the jurisdictions sampled. These and other findings lend support for a structural theory of gender bias in the juvenile court

Value Added: Service-Learning Outcomes for Physical Therapy Students and Community Partners in Belize

This study comprised a follow up to a two-week interdisciplinary service-learning (SL) trip to Belize for graduate students from a private Midwestern university. Trip participants engaged in SL activities with multiple partnering agencies in various locations. The purpose of the study, which employed a qualitative, constructivist, focus-group design, was to explore the perceptions of students and community partners about the services provided. Data were analyzed for common themes using line-by-line and constant comparative methods. Six themes emerged from the data.  Community partners complimented the education and training provided, and requested additional time and programming for future visits. Some identified the need for increased collaboration and additional preparation of students prior to the visit. Students demonstrated increased appreciation for interdisciplinary practice, enhanced professionalism, and greater sensitivity to cultural differences, and expressed their desire to participate in future international service trips. These findings supported the conclusion that interdisciplinary international SL activities are mutually beneficial to students and community partners

Multichannel demultiplexer/demodulator technologies for future satellite communication systems

NASA-Lewis' Space Electronics Div. supports ongoing research in advanced satellite communication architectures, onboard processing, and technology development. Recent studies indicate that meshed VSAT (very small aperture terminal) satellite communication networks using FDMA (frequency division multiple access) uplinks and TDMA (time division multiplexed) downlinks are required to meet future communication needs. One of the critical advancements in such a satellite communication network is the multichannel demultiplexer/demodulator (MCDD). The progress is described which was made in MCDD development using either acousto-optical, optical, or digital technologies

Influenza pandemic modelling for South Africa with an analysis of the predicted impact on the healthcare sector

The predicted impact of a potential future influenza pandemic was modelled for South Africa using a multi-state Markov transition model based on key parameters from the pandemics of the twentieth century. The number of individuals falling into each of the following categories was predicted for each week in the pandemic: healthy (uninfected); infected (no treatment); infected (out-patient treatment); infected (hospital admission); infected (ICU admission); healthy (flu recovery) and dead. Four scenarios were modelled. The Mild and Severe Pandemic Scenarios were then applied to estimations of current hospital and ICU bed spare capacity in each province to provide a prediction of the impact of a pandemic on hospital capacity. The Mild Pandemic Scenario, based on the 1957 and 1968 pandemics, showed a 9.1% total infection rate and a 0.13% mortality rate. Hospital bed capacity is stretched close to capacity, but does not exceed capacity in any province. ICU bed capacity is exceeded for all provinces during the peak of the pandemic (3-7 weeks). The Severe Pandemic Scenario, based on the 1918 pandemic, had a 22% total infection rate with a 2.5% mortality rate. Hospital and ICU bed capacities were exceeded in all provinces for much of the pandemic.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2010.Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)unrestricte

Using Nutrition for Intervention and Prevention against Environmental Chemical Toxicity and Associated Diseases

BACKGROUND: Nutrition and lifestyle are well-defined modulators of chronic diseases. Poor dietary habits (such as high intake of processed foods rich in fat and low intake of fruits and vegetables), as well as a sedentary lifestyle clearly contribute to today’s compromised quality of life in the United States. It is becoming increasingly clear that nutrition can modulate the toxicity of environmental pollutants. OBJECTIVES: Our goal in this commentary is to discuss the recommendation that nutrition should be considered a necessary variable in the study of human disease associated with exposure to environmental pollutants. DISCUSSION: Certain diets can contribute to compromised health by being a source of exposure to environmental toxic pollutants. Many of these pollutants are fat soluble, and thus fatty foods often contain higher levels of persistent organics than does vegetable matter. Nutrition can dictate the lipid milieu, oxidative stress, and antioxidant status within cells. The modulation of these parameters by an individual’s nutritional status may have profound affects on biological processes, and in turn influence the effects of environmental pollutants to cause disease or dysfunction. For example, potential adverse health effects associated with exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls may increase as a result of ingestion of certain dietary fats, whereas ingestion of fruits and vegetables, rich in antioxidant and anti-inflammatory nutrients or bioactive compounds, may provide protection. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend that future directions in environmental health research explore this nutritional paradigm that incorporates a consideration of the relationships between nutrition and lifestyle, exposure to environmental toxicants, and disease. Nutritional interventions may provide the most sensible means to develop primary prevention strategies of diseases associated with many environmental toxic insults

1935 The Freshman, vol. 2, no. 13

The Freshman was a weekly, student newsletter issued on Mondays throughout the academic year. The newsletter included calendar notices, coverage of campus social events, lectures, and athletic teams. The intent of the publication was to create unity, a sense of community, and class spirit among first year students. The front page of issue 13 is dedicated in memoriam of Emile J. Dawson (1910-1932), who died from a cerebral hemorrhage after he struck his head on a concrete floor at the Armory, knocked down by his opponent in an intramural boxing tournament