A multiple scale model for tumor growth

We present a physiologically structured lattice model for vascular tumor growth which accounts for blood flow and structural adaptation of the vasculature, transport of oxygen, interaction between cancerous and normal tissue, cell division, apoptosis, vascular endothelial growth factor release, and the coupling between these processes. Simulations of the model are used to investigate the effects of nutrient heterogeneity, growth and invasion of cancerous tissue, and emergent growth laws

Life, Life Support, and Death Principles, Guidelines, Policies and Procedures for Making Decisions That Respect Life

The following is the third edition of a booklet by the American Life League, Inc. The section on Ordinary/Extraordinary Means has been revised. The sections on Quality of Life, Pain, Paired Organ and Non-vital Organ and Tissue Transplant, and Determination of Death have been added. There are other changes throughout the booklet

Hematochezia and the False Negative Meckel's Scan: A Continued Need for Barium Studies

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/73313/1/j.1572-0241.1985.tb01988.x.pd

Miniaturized data loggers and computer programming improve seabird risk and damage assessments for marine oil spills in Atlantic Canada

Obtaining useful information on marine birds that can aid in oil spill (and other hydrocarbon release) risk and damage assessments in offshore environments is challenging. Technological innovations in miniaturization have allowed archival data loggers to be deployed successfully on marine birds vulnerable to hydrocarbons on water. A number of species, including murres (both Common, Uria aalge, and Thick-billed, U. lomvia) have been tracked using geolocation devices in eastern Canada, increasing our knowledge of the seasonality and colony-specific nature of their susceptibility to oil on water in offshore hydrocarbon production areas and major shipping lanes. Archival data tags are starting to resolve questions around behaviour of vulnerable seabirds at small spatial scales relevant to oil spill impact modelling, specifically to determine the duration and frequency at which birds fly at sea. Advances in data capture methods using voice activated software have eased the burden on seabird observers who are collecting increasingly more detailed information on seabirds during ship-board and aerial transects. Computer programs that integrate seabird density and bird behaviour have been constructed, all with a goal of creating more credible seabird oil spill risk and damage assessments. In this paper, we discuss how each of these technological and computing innovations can help define critical inputs into seabird risk and damage assessments, and when combined, can provide a more realistic understanding of the impacts to seabirds from any hydrocarbon release

Reflecting on One Health in Action During the COVID-19 Response

The COVID-19 pandemic, a singular disruptive event in recent human history, has required rapid, innovative, coordinated and collaborative approaches to manage and ameliorate its worst impacts. However, the threat remains, and learning from initial efforts may benefit the response management in the future. One Health approaches to managing health challenges through multi-stakeholder engagement are underscored by an enabling environment. Here we describe three case studies from state (New South Wales, Australia), national (Ireland), and international (sub-Saharan Africa) scales which illustrate different aspects of One Health in action in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. In Ireland, a One Health team was assembled to help parameterise complex mathematical and resource models. In New South Wales, state authorities engaged collaboratively with animal health veterinarians and epidemiologists to leverage disease outbreak knowledge, expertise and technical and support structures for application to the COVID-19 emergency. The African One Health University Network linked members from health institutions and universities from eight countries to provide a virtual platform knowledge exchange on COVID-19 to support the response. Themes common to successful experiences included a shared resource base, interdisciplinary engagement, communication network strategies, and looking global to address local need. The One Health approaches used, particularly shared responsibility and knowledge integration, are benefiting the management of this pandemic and future One Health global challenges

Seasonal Occurrence, Horizontal Movements, and Habitat Use Patterns of Whale Sharks (\u3ci\u3eRhincodon typus\u3c/i\u3e) in the Gulf of Mexico

In the northern Gulf of Mexico (GOM), whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) form large aggregations at continental shelf-edge banks during summer; however, knowledge of movements once they leave aggregation sites is limited. Here we report on the seasonal occurrence of whale sharks in the northern GOM based on over 800 whale shark sightings from 1989 to 2016, as well as the movements of 42 whale sharks tagged with satellite-linked and popup satellite archival transmitting tags from 2008 to 2015. Sightings data were most numerous during summer and fall often with aggregations of individuals reported along the continental shelf break. Most sharks (66%) were tagged during this time at Ewing Bank, a known aggregation site off the coast of Louisiana. Whale shark track duration ranged from three to 366 days and all tagged individuals, which ranged from 4.5 to 12.0 m in total length, remained within the GOM. Sightings data revealed that whale sharks occurred primarily in continental shelf and shelf-edge waters (81%) whereas tag data revealed the sharks primarily inhabited continental slope and open ocean waters (91%) of the GOM. Much of their time spent in open ocean waters was associated with the edge of the Loop Current and associated mesoscale eddies. During cooler months, there was a net movement southward, corresponding with the time of reduced sighting reports. Several sharks migrated to the southwest GOM during fall and winter, suggesting this region could be important overwintering habitat and possibly represents another seasonal aggregation site. The three long-term tracked whale sharks exhibited interannual site fidelity, returning one year later to the vicinity where they were originally tagged. The increased habitat use of north central GOM waters by whale sharks as summer foraging grounds and potential interannual site fidelity to Ewing Bank demonstrate the importance of this region for this species

Capacidad diagnóstica de la colposcopía y citología en despistaje de lesiones de cuello uterino

Introduction: Cervical cancer is one of the neoplasms with the highest incidence in Peru. The great gap in access to primary care reflects the need for effective diagnostic tests. Objetives:  To evaluate the diagnostic capacity between colposcopic and cytological tests in the detection of cervix lesion in patients treated at the Alberto Leopoldo Barton Thompson Hospital Complex.  Objetives:  To evaluate the diagnostic capacity between colposcopic and cytological tests in the detection of cervix lesion in patients treated at the Alberto Leopoldo Barton Thompson Hospital Complex. Material and methods:  Study of diagnostic tests  that investigated patients who attended the cervical screening clinic of the Alberto Leopoldo Barton Thompson Hospital Complex. Sensitivity (S), specificity (E), predictive values, percentage of agreement and diagnostic odd ratio (ORD) were calculated. Results: 185 patients were studied. The Pap smear's S was 78.9%, its E was 23.2%. The S of colposcopy was 93.3%, its E was 15.8%. The OR for Pap was 1.13 (95% CI [0.53 – 2.41]) and for colposcopy it was 2.62 (95% CI [0.90 – 8.64]). Conclusions: Colposcopy and Pap would present similar diagnostic accuracy as diagnostic tests for cervical intraepithelial lesions. In this context, colposcopy would be more useful in making decisions for early treatment.Introducción: El cáncer de cuello uterino es una de las neoplasias de mayor incidencia en Perú. La gran brecha en el acceso a la atención primaria nos refleja la necesidad de pruebas diagnósticas eficaces. Objetivo: Evaluar la capacidad diagnóstica de las pruebas colposcópicas y citológicas en la detección de lesiones de cuello uterino. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de pruebas diagnósticas que investigó a las pacientes que acudieron al consultorio de despistaje de cuello uterino del Complejo Hospitalario Alberto Leopoldo Barton Thompson. Se calculó sensibilidad (S), especificidad (E), valores predictivos, porcentaje de concordancia y odd ratio diagnóstico (ORD). Resultados: Se estudiaron 185 pacientes. La S del Papanicolaou (Pap) fue de 78,9 %, su E fue 23,2 %. La S de la colposcopía fue de 93,3 %, su E fue 15,8 %. El ORD del Pap fue 1,13 (IC 95 % [0,53 – 2,41]) y de la colposcopía fue 2,62 (IC 95 % [0,90 – 8,64]).  Conclusión: La colposcopía y el Pap presentaría similar exactitud diagnóstica como pruebas diagnósticas para lesiones intraepiteliales de cuello uterino. En este contexto, la colposcopía sería de mayor utilidad en la toma de decisión para un tratamiento temprano