73 research outputs found
Does âAsymptomaticâ Mean Without Symptoms for Those Living with HIV Infection?
Throughout the history of the HIV epidemic, HIV-positive patients with relatively high CD4 counts and no clinical features of opportunistic infections have been classified as ââasymptomaticââ by definition and treatment guidelines. This classification, however, does not take into consideration the array of symptoms that an HIV-positive person can experience long before progressing to AIDS. This short report describes two international multi-site studies conducted in 2003 - 2005 and 2005 - 2007. The results from the studies show that HIV-positive people may experience symptoms throughout the trajectory of their disease, regardless of CD4 count or classification. Providers should discuss symptoms and symptom management with their clients at all stages of the disease
Reduction Algorithms for the Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer
We describe the data reduction algorithms for the Multiband Imaging
Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) instrument. These algorithms were based on
extensive preflight testing and modeling of the Si:As (24 micron) and Ge:Ga (70
and 160 micron) arrays in MIPS and have been refined based on initial flight
data. The behaviors we describe are typical of state-of-the-art infrared focal
planes operated in the low backgrounds of space. The Ge arrays are bulk
photoconductors and therefore show a variety of artifacts that must be removed
to calibrate the data. The Si array, while better behaved than the Ge arrays,
does show a handful of artifacts that also must be removed to calibrate the
data. The data reduction to remove these effects is divided into three parts.
The first part converts the non-destructively read data ramps into slopes while
removing artifacts with time constants of the order of the exposure time. The
second part calibrates the slope measurements while removing artifacts with
time constants longer than the exposure time. The third part uses the
redundancy inherit in the MIPS observing modes to improve the artifact removal
iteratively. For each of these steps, we illustrate the relevant laboratory
experiments or theoretical arguments along with the mathematical approaches
taken to calibrate the data. Finally, we describe how these preflight
algorithms have performed on actual flight data.Comment: 21 pages, 16 figures, PASP accepted (May 2005 issue), version of
paper with full resolution images is available at
http://dirty.as.arizona.edu/~kgordon/papers/PS_files/mips_dra.pd
Revisiting perioperative chemotherapy: the critical importance of targeting residual cancer prior to wound healing
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Scientists and physicians have long noted similarities between the general behavior of a cancerous tumor and the physiological process of wound healing. But it may be during metastasis that the parallels between cancer and wound healing are most pronounced. And more particularly and for the reasons detailed in this paper, any cancer remaining after the removal of a solid tumor, whether found in micrometastatic deposits in the stroma or within the circulation, may be heavily dependent on wound healing pathways for its further survival and proliferation.</p> <p>Discussion</p> <p>If cancer cells can hijack the wound healing process to facilitate their metastatic spread and survival, then the period immediately after surgery may be a particularly vulnerable period of time for the host, as wound healing pathways are activated and amplified after the primary tumor is removed. Given that we often wait 30 days or more after surgical removal of the primary tumor before initiating adjuvant chemotherapy to allow time for the wound to heal, this paper challenges the wisdom of that clinical paradigm, providing a theoretical rationale for administering therapy during the perioperative period.</p> <p>Summary</p> <p>Waiting for wound healing to occur before initiating adjuvant therapies may be seriously compromising their effectiveness, and patients subsequently rendered incurable as a result of this wait. Clinical trials to establish the safety and effectiveness of administering adjuvant therapies perioperatively are needed. These therapies should target not only the residual cancer cells, but also the wound healing pathway utilized by these cells to proliferate and metastasize.</p
Aldosterone synthase inhibition: cardiorenal protection in animal disease models and translation of hormonal effects to human subjects
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Planck intermediate results XIII : Constraints on peculiar velocities
Peer reviewe
On-orbit performance of the MIPS instrument
The Multiband Imaging Photometer for Spitzer (MIPS) provides long wavelength capability for the mission, in imaging bands at 24, 70, and 160 microns and measurements of spectral energy distributions between 52 and 100 microns at a spectral resolution of about 7%. By using true detector arrays in each band, it provides both critical sampling of the Spitzer point spread function and relatively large imaging fields of view, allowing for substantial advances in sensitivity, angular resolution, and efficiency of areal coverage compared with previous space far-infrared capabilities. The Si:As BIB 24 micron array has excellent photometric properties, and measurements with rms relative errors of 1% or better can be obtained. The two longer wavelength arrays use Ge:Ga detectors with poor photometric stability. However, the use of 1.) a scan mirror to modulate the signals rapidly on these arrays, 2.) a system of on-board stimulators used for a relative calibration approximately every two minutes, and 3.) specialized reduction software result in good photometry with these arrays also, with rms relative errors of less than 10%
Letter to James D. Doty, Territorial Governor, Utah from William P. Dole, Commissioner Indian Affairs dated 20 July 1863
Letter acknowledging the peace agreement made with "Little Soldier" and his band
Letter to Superintendent Indian Affairs, Utah Territory from William P. Dole, Commissioner Indian Affairs dated 23 August 1864
Letter discussing "supplies alleged to have been furnished to the Indians" by John B. Fairbanks
Letter from Commissioner of Indian Affairs William P. Dole to Superintendent Doty dated October 13, 1862
UteCommissioner Dole acknowledges the receipt of Superintendent Doty's letter and account informatio
Letter to Superintendent Indian Affairs for Utah from William P. Dole, Commissioner Indian Affairs dated 20 August 1864
Letter discussing claims of Mr. John Smith for money due in exchange for service performed at the Ruby Valley Farm
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