4,795 research outputs found
Foreign aid, women in parliament and corruption: empirical evidence from the 2000s
Using data for the 2000s, this paper explores the impact of foreign aid and the percentage of women in parliament on corruption. In doing so, it combines the aid – corruption literature with the literature that addresses the impact of gender on corruption. We also inquire if aid is more effective in countries with a larger participation of women in parliament. We find that neither aid nor the percentage of women in parliament affects perceived corruption in a significant way. Moreover, the impact of aid on corruption does not seem to be affected by the share of women in parliament.On the other hand,a long-established democracy is consistently found to be significant in affecting corruption.Our results are robust to various specifications, alternative measures of corruption and use of estimation techniques.Foreign aid, women in parliament, corruption
Fiber optic microphone having a pressure sensing reflective membrane and a voltage source for calibration purpose
A fiber optic microphone is provided for measuring fluctuating pressures. An optical fiber probe having at least one transmitting fiber for transmitting light to a pressure-sensing membrane and at least one receiving fiber for receiving light reflected from a stretched membrane is provided. The pressure-sensing membrane may be stretched for high frequency response. Further, a reflecting surface of the pressure-sensing membrane may have dimensions which substantially correspond to dimensions of a cross section of the optical fiber probe. Further, the fiber optic microphone can be made of materials for use in high temperature environments, for example greater than 1000 F. A fiber optic probe is also provided with a back plate for damping membrane motion. The back plate further provides a means for on-line calibration of the microphone
Why is solar cycle 24 an inefficient producer of high-energy particle events?
The aim of the study is to investigate the reason for the low productivity of
high-energy SEPs in the present solar cycle. We employ scaling laws derived
from diffusive shock acceleration theory and simulation studies including
proton-generated upstream Alfv\'en waves to find out how the changes observed
in the long-term average properties of the erupting and ambient coronal and/or
solar wind plasma would affect the ability of shocks to accelerate particles to
the highest energies. Provided that self-generated turbulence dominates
particle transport around coronal shocks, it is found that the most crucial
factors controlling the diffusive shock acceleration process are the number
density of seed particles and the plasma density of the ambient medium.
Assuming that suprathermal populations provide a fraction of the particles
injected to shock acceleration in the corona, we show that the lack of most
energetic particle events as well as the lack of low charge-to-mass ratio ion
species in the present cycle can be understood as a result of the reduction of
average coronal plasma and suprathermal densities in the present cycle over the
previous one
High temperature fiber optic microphone having a pressure-sensing reflective membrane under tensile stress
A fiber optic microphone is provided for measuring fluctuating pressures. An optical fiber probe having at least one transmitting fiber for transmitting light to a pressure-sensing membrane and at least one receiving fiber for receiving light reflected from a stretched membrane is provided. The pressure-sensing membrane may be stretched for high frequency response. Further, a reflecting surface of the pressure-sensing membrane may have dimensions which substantially correspond to dimensions of a cross section of the optical fiber probe. Further, the fiber optic microphone can be made of materials for use in high temperature environments, for example greater than 1000 F. A fiber optic probe is also provided with a backplate for damping membrane motion. The backplate further provides a means for on-line calibration of the microphone
They\u27ve Created a Lamb with Mandibles of Death : Secrecy, Disclosure, and Fiduciary Duties in Limited Liability Firms
Letters between Allan M. Fleming and William Kerr
Letters concerning expenses for an official trip of the Utah Agricultural College
They\u27ve Created a Lamb with Mandibles of Death : Secrecy, Disclosure, and Fiduciary Duties in Limited Liability Firms
Taming the Mandibles of Death: Secrecy, Disclosure, and Fiduciary Duties in the Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act
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