Dynamic changes in eIF4F-mRNA interactions revealed by global analyses of environmental stress responses

BACKGROUND: Translation factors eIF4E and eIF4G form eIF4F, which interacts with the messenger RNA (mRNA) 5' cap to promote ribosome recruitment and translation initiation. Variations in the association of eIF4F with individual mRNAs likely contribute to differences in translation initiation frequencies between mRNAs. As translation initiation is globally reprogrammed by environmental stresses, we were interested in determining whether eIF4F interactions with individual mRNAs are reprogrammed and how this may contribute to global environmental stress responses. RESULTS: Using a tagged-factor protein capture and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) approach, we have assessed how mRNA associations with eIF4E, eIF4G1 and eIF4G2 change globally in response to three defined stresses that each cause a rapid attenuation of protein synthesis: oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide and nutrient stresses caused by amino acid or glucose withdrawal. We find that acute stress leads to dynamic and unexpected changes in eIF4F-mRNA interactions that are shared among each factor and across the stresses imposed. eIF4F-mRNA interactions stabilised by stress are predominantly associated with translational repression, while more actively initiating mRNAs become relatively depleted for eIF4F. Simultaneously, other mRNAs are insulated from these stress-induced changes in eIF4F association. CONCLUSION: Dynamic eIF4F-mRNA interaction changes are part of a coordinated early translational control response shared across environmental stresses. Our data are compatible with a model where multiple mRNA closed-loop complexes form with differing stability. Hence, unexpectedly, in the absence of other stabilising factors, rapid translation initiation on mRNAs correlates with less stable eIF4F interactions

Distinct Steps of Neural Induction Revealed by Asterix, Obelix and TrkC, Genes Induced by Different Signals from the Organizer

The amniote organizer (Hensen's node) can induce a complete nervous system when grafted into a peripheral region of a host embryo. Although BMP inhibition has been implicated in neural induction, non-neural cells cannot respond to BMP antagonists unless previously exposed to a node graft for at least 5 hours before BMP inhibitors. To define signals and responses during the first 5 hours of node signals, a differential screen was conducted. Here we describe three early response genes: two of them, Asterix and Obelix, encode previously undescribed proteins of unknown function but Obelix appears to be a nuclear RNA-binding protein. The third is TrkC, a neurotrophin receptor. All three genes are induced by a node graft within 4–5 hours but they differ in the extent to which they are inducible by FGF: FGF is both necessary and sufficient to induce Asterix, sufficient but not necessary to induce Obelix and neither sufficient nor necessary for induction of TrkC. These genes are also not induced by retinoic acid, Noggin, Chordin, Dkk1, Cerberus, HGF/SF, Somatostatin or ionomycin-mediated Calcium entry. Comparison of the expression and regulation of these genes with other early neural markers reveals three distinct “epochs”, or temporal waves, of gene expression accompanying neural induction by a grafted organizer, which are mirrored by specific stages of normal neural plate development. The results are consistent with neural induction being a cascade of responses elicited by different signals, culminating in the formation of a patterned nervous system

Archaeology and Folk or Family Religion in Ancient Israel

This article will summarize and interpret archaeological data that may be used to illuminate the religion of ancient Israel, ca. 1200–600 BCE, while using a phenomenal approach. The resultant portrait will be compared with one drawn from the texts of the Hebrew Bible, which suggests both convergences and significant differences. The conclusion will emphasize that archaeology does best in providing a real-life context for both artifact and texts. However, it is mostly limited to religious practice, rather than belief

Recent Archeological Discoveries and Biblical Research

Londonx, 189 p.: illus.; 21 c

Mallet J. Tell el-Fâr'ah II, 1; 2 : Le Bronze Moyen. Stratigraphie des vestiges du Bronze moyen II (1ère moitié du IIe millénaire av J.C.) dans les chantiers principaux II nord et IV. Texte et Planches.

Dever William G. Mallet J. Tell el-Fâr'ah II, 1; 2 : Le Bronze Moyen. Stratigraphie des vestiges du Bronze moyen II (1ère moitié du IIe millénaire av J.C.) dans les chantiers principaux II nord et IV. Texte et Planches.. In: Paléorient, 1989, vol. 15, n°2. pp. 154-158

Miroschedji P. de. Yarmouth 1. Rapport sur les trois premières campagnes de fouilles à Tel Yarmouth (Israël) (1980-1982).

Dever William G. Miroschedji P. de. Yarmouth 1. Rapport sur les trois premières campagnes de fouilles à Tel Yarmouth (Israël) (1980-1982).. In: Paléorient, 1989, vol. 15, n°2. pp. 153-154

Mallet J. Tell el-Fâr'ah II, 1; 2 : Le Bronze Moyen. Stratigraphie des vestiges du Bronze moyen II (1ère moitié du IIe millénaire av J.C.) dans les chantiers principaux II nord et IV. Texte et Planches.

Dever William G. Mallet J. Tell el-Fâr'ah II, 1; 2 : Le Bronze Moyen. Stratigraphie des vestiges du Bronze moyen II (1ère moitié du IIe millénaire av J.C.) dans les chantiers principaux II nord et IV. Texte et Planches.. In: Paléorient, 1989, vol. 15, n°2. pp. 154-158

Artifacts, Ecofacts, and Textual Facts: How Archaeology Today is Illuminating the World of the Bible

Discussion of how archaeology today can illuminate the world of the Bible, specifically the Israelite settlement in Canaan, and how it is possible to reconstruct the lost background of the Israelite cults

Archaeology Reconstructs the Lost Background of the Canaanite and Israelite Cults

Discussion of how archaeology today can illuminate the world of the Bible, specifically the Israelite settlement in Canaan, and how it is possible to reconstruct the lost background of the Israelite cults