Long-range energy-state maneuvers for minimum time to specified terminal conditions.

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/76474/1/AIAA-1973-229-104.pd

Space Station Freedom automation and robotics: An assessment of the potential for increased productivity

This report presents the results of a study performed in support of the Space Station Freedom Advanced Development Program, under the sponsorship of the Space Station Engineering (Code MT), Office of Space Flight. The study consisted of the collection, compilation, and analysis of lessons learned, crew time requirements, and other factors influencing the application of advanced automation and robotics, with emphasis on potential improvements in productivity. The lessons learned data collected were based primarily on Skylab, Spacelab, and other Space Shuttle experiences, consisting principally of interviews with current and former crew members and other NASA personnel with relevant experience. The objectives of this report are to present a summary of this data and its analysis, and to present conclusions regarding promising areas for the application of advanced automation and robotics technology to the Space Station Freedom and the potential benefits in terms of increased productivity. In this study, primary emphasis was placed on advanced automation technology because of its fairly extensive utilization within private industry including the aerospace sector. In contrast, other than the Remote Manipulator System (RMS), there has been relatively limited experience with advanced robotics technology applicable to the Space Station. This report should be used as a guide and is not intended to be used as a substitute for official Astronaut Office crew positions on specific issues

Conflicting Loyalties Facing In-House Counsel: Ethical Care and Feeding of the Ravenous Multi-Headed Client The Fifth Annual Symposium on Legal Malpractice and Professional Responsibility.

Because of corporate scandals that shook the business world, legislative, corporate, and public fingers immediately pointed at corporate attorneys for allowing such egregious conduct to occur. In 1983, the American Bar Association (ABA) passed Model Rule 1.13, which promoted the entity theory. Under the entity theory, the organization is the in-house counsel’s only client; and the in-house counsel’s primary duty is to act in the best interest of the organization. Whether the issue is deciding to make an executive compensation disclosure in a proxy statement, taking on a dual role within the organization, acting in compliance with heightened professional responsibility requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), or preparing witnesses for corporate investigations, in-house counsel will avoid ethical hot water if they consistently act in the best interest of the organization. In an effort to protect stakeholders, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) passed Rule 205. Rule 205 is designed to increase confidence in public companies by ensuring that attorneys who represent issuers report up the corporate ladder evidence of material violations by their officers and employees. The result is that Rule 205 has made corporate attorneys into “gatekeepers.” Rule 205’s permissive disclosure provision acts essentially as a whistleblower license for attorneys to use in a last-ditch effort to protect third parties when the highest authorities within the organization fail to take appropriate remedial measures. Thus, in-house counsel is expected to be the first line of defense against corporate irresponsibility and is expected to take a stand against impropriety

Conflicting Loyalties Facing In-House Counsel: Ethical Care and Feeding of the Ravenous Multi-Headed Client The Fifth Annual Symposium on Legal Malpractice and Professional Responsibility.

Because of corporate scandals that shook the business world, legislative, corporate, and public fingers immediately pointed at corporate attorneys for allowing such egregious conduct to occur. In 1983, the American Bar Association (ABA) passed Model Rule 1.13, which promoted the entity theory. Under the entity theory, the organization is the in-house counsel’s only client; and the in-house counsel’s primary duty is to act in the best interest of the organization. Whether the issue is deciding to make an executive compensation disclosure in a proxy statement, taking on a dual role within the organization, acting in compliance with heightened professional responsibility requirements under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX), or preparing witnesses for corporate investigations, in-house counsel will avoid ethical hot water if they consistently act in the best interest of the organization. In an effort to protect stakeholders, the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) passed Rule 205. Rule 205 is designed to increase confidence in public companies by ensuring that attorneys who represent issuers report up the corporate ladder evidence of material violations by their officers and employees. The result is that Rule 205 has made corporate attorneys into “gatekeepers.” Rule 205’s permissive disclosure provision acts essentially as a whistleblower license for attorneys to use in a last-ditch effort to protect third parties when the highest authorities within the organization fail to take appropriate remedial measures. Thus, in-house counsel is expected to be the first line of defense against corporate irresponsibility and is expected to take a stand against impropriety

The Orbit and Occultations of KH 15D

The unusual flux variations of the pre-main-sequence binary star KH 15D have been attributed to occultations by a circumbinary disk. We test whether or not this theory is compatible with newly available data, including recent radial velocity measurements, CCD photometry over the past decade, and photographic photometry over the past 50 years. We find the model to be successful, after two refinements: a more realistic motion of the occulting feature, and a halo around each star that probably represents scattering by the disk. The occulting feature is exceptionally sharp-edged, raising the possibility that the dust in the disk has settled into a thin layer, and providing a tool for fine-scale mapping of the immediate environment of a T Tauri star. However, the window of opportunity is closing, as the currently visible star may be hidden at all orbital phases by as early as 2008.Comment: To appear in ApJ [16 pages, 13 figures

Dietary Intake, D3Cr Muscle Mass, and Appendicular Lean Mass in a Cohort of Older Men.

BackgroundWe examined cross-sectional associations between dietary patterns, macronutrient intake, and measures of muscle mass and lean mass in older men.MethodsParticipants in the Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort (n = 903; mean ± SD age 84.2 ± 4 years) completed brief Block food frequency questionnaires (May 2014-May 2016); factor analysis was used to derive dietary patterns. The D3-creatine (D3Cr) dilution method was used to measure muscle mass; dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used to measure appendicular lean mass (ALM). Generalized linear models were used to report adjusted means of outcomes by dietary pattern. Multiple linear regression models were used to determine associations between macronutrients and D3Cr muscle mass and DXA ALM. Multivariable models were adjusted for age, race, clinic site, education, depression, total energy intake, height, and percent body fat.ResultsGreater adherence to a Western dietary pattern (high factor loadings for red meat, fried foods, and high-fat dairy) was associated with higher D3Cr muscle mass (p-trend = .026). Adherence to the Healthy dietary pattern (high factor loadings for fruit, vegetables, whole grains, and lean meats) was not associated with D3Cr muscle mass or DXA ALM. Total protein (β = 0.09, 95% CI = 0.03, 0.14) and nondairy animal protein (β = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.10, 0.21) were positively associated with D3Cr muscle mass. Nondairy animal protein (β = 0.06, 95% CI = 0.002, 0.11) was positively associated with DXA ALM. Associations with other macronutrients were inconsistent.ConclusionsNondairy animal protein intake (within a Western dietary pattern and alone) was positively associated with D3Cr muscle mass in older men

Characterization of an Fe≡N−NH_2 Intermediate Relevant to Catalytic N_2 Reduction to NH_3

The ability of certain transition metals to mediate the reduction of N_2 to NH_3 has attracted broad interest in the biological and inorganic chemistry communities. Early transition metals such as Mo and W readily bind N_2 and mediate its protonation at one or more N atoms to furnish M(N_xH_y) species that can be characterized and, in turn, extrude NH_3. By contrast, the direct protonation of Fe–N_2 species to Fe(N_xH_y) products that can be characterized has been elusive. Herein, we show that addition of acid at low temperature to [(TPB)Fe(N_2)][Na(12-crown-4)] results in a new S = 1/2 Fe species. EPR, ENDOR, Mössbauer, and EXAFS analysis, coupled with a DFT study, unequivocally assign this new species as [(TPB)Fe≡N–NH_2]^+, a doubly protonated hydrazido(2−) complex featuring an Fe-to-N triple bond. This unstable species offers strong evidence that the first steps in Fe-mediated nitrogen reduction by [(TPB)Fe(N_2)][Na(12-crown-4)] can proceed along a distal or “Chatt-type” pathway. A brief discussion of whether subsequent catalytic steps may involve early or late stage cleavage of the N–N bond, as would be found in limiting distal or alternating mechanisms, respectively, is also provided