"Need" and "Overt Act" in Juvenile Court Law

The current trend of academic analysis of the juvenile court as a treatment organization and the emphasis on treatment aspects of juvenile court activities have led to a popular assump tion that the court applies a criterion of need in dispensing its services. A traditional legal analysis would suggest the applica tion of a criterion of overt act. Even if we assume that the intention of juvenile court legislation is to apply some criterion of need, the question then becomes one of how needs are demonstrated or measured. A criterion of demonstrated need brings one full circle to a requirement of overt act.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/66900/2/10.1177_001112876300900201.pd

Wanted: A Balanced System of Justice

Under a slightly ruffled surface, the legal system is in ferment. National focus on the plight of the indigent defendant, the void in legal services for the poor, the dearth of treatment facilities, and antiquated correctional systems have converged with signifi cant impact on the staid and settled ways of the justice system. Suggestions considered outright heresy a few years ago are today regarded only as unorthodox.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/67089/2/10.1177_001112876901500201.pd

William G. Frazier Interview

Transcript of oral history interview with William G. Frazier by Mike Downs on his experiences during the Vietnam War on February 25, 1984

Calibrating field sprayers (1997)

Pesticides are most cost-effective and perform optimally when applied at labeled rates. Too much pesticide can injure crops; too little can give inadequate or unreliable control. Careful calibration is essential to proper sprayer operation, and the economic return on the small investment of time required can be substantial

Decentralization, Governance, and the Structure of Local Political Institutions: Lessons for Reform?

Many governments are devolving power to elected local councils, hoping to improve service delivery and citizen representation by bringing officials closer to the people. While these decentralization reforms hold the promise of improved governance, they also present national and sub-national leaders with a complex array of options about how to structure newly empowered local political institutions. This article draws on cross-national experience and the latest research to identify the trade-offs inherent in structuring local political institutions. The study’s specific interest is in the impact of strong, locally elected councils on governance and representation. Proceeding from an empirical basis that competitive elections are vital for the legitimacy and efficiency of local political institutions, the analysis first questions the impact of four institutional features – central versus local control, local executive versus local council authority, local council structure, and the role of parties – on service provision and fiscal solvency. The article’s second section analyses the impact of decentralization on political representation, with a particular focus on the role of institutional design in combating the threat of extremist parties. A final section summarizes empirical findings and advances some policy-relevant conclusions

Spray mix calculations (1997)

Liquid pesticide sprayers must apply the proper amount of a carefully mixed spray solution to be effective in controlling weed and insect pests. This publication describes procedures for determining how much pesticide to mix in the tank so the right amount of pesticide will be applied per acre. Pesticides formulated to be applied as sprays are sold both as liquids and as dry materials such as wettable powders. Calculations for mixing liquids are different from calculations for dry materials. This two-part guide provides specific instructions for mixing both liquid and dry pesticides

Calibrating granular pesticide applicators (2002)

Some pesticides are applied as granules that have been impregnated with a fixed amount of pesticide to eliminate the need for mixing. When used for row crops, most granular pesticides are applied with either a band applicator or a broadcast applicator. Because some granule applicators are sensitive to speed, it is important to maintain a uniform travel speed for consistent performance. Wind can greatly affect the distribution from granule applicators. Adjust distributors to minimize the effects of wind. To reduce the effects of moisture on the metering of granules, empty the granule hoppers every day. Granule application rates are affected by the following variables: orifice size (feeder-gate setting) ; ground speed ; agitator speed ; size and nature of granules ; roughness of the ground ; humidity ; temperature. This guide describes the procedures for calibrating band and broadcast granule applicators.Revised 2/97, reviewed and reprinted 10/02/6M