Coarse-grained entropy and causal holographic information in AdS/CFT

We propose bulk duals for certain coarse-grained entropies of boundary regions. The `one-point entropy' is defined in the conformal field theory by maximizing the entropy in a domain of dependence while fixing the one-point functions. We conjecture that this is dual to the area of the edge of the region causally accessible to the domain of dependence (i.e. the `causal holographic information' of Hubeny and Rangamani). The `future one-point entropy' is defined by generalizing this conjecture to future domains of dependence and their corresponding bulk regions. We show that the future one-point entropy obeys a nontrivial second law. If our conjecture is true, this answers the question "What is the field theory dual of Hawking's area theorem?"Comment: 43 pages, 9 figures. v3: minor changes suggested by referee v2: added a few additional reference

Spacelab Data Processing Facility (SLDPF) quality assurance expert systems development

Spacelab Data Processing Facility (SLDPF) expert system prototypes were developed to assist in the quality assurance of Spacelab and/or Attached Shuttle Payload (ASP) processed telemetry data. The SLDPF functions include the capturing, quality monitoring, processing, accounting, and forwarding of mission data to various user facilities. Prototypes for the two SLDPF functional elements, the Spacelab Output Processing System and the Spacelab Input Processing Element, are described. The prototypes have produced beneficial results including an increase in analyst productivity, a decrease in the burden of tedious analyses, the consistent evaluation of data, and the providing of concise historical records

Orientation and swimming mechanics by the scyphomedusa Aurelia sp. in shear flow

Author Posting. © American Society of Limnology and Oceanography, 2006. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of American Society of Limnology and Oceanography for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Limnology and Oceanography 51 (2006): 1097-1106.Individual Aurelia sp. medusae were distributed around regions of current shear associated with vertical density discontinuities during three vertically towed camera profiles in the northern Gulf of Mexico. Along shear regions, medusae oriented non-randomly and swam horizontally, forming distinct layers. To identify the mechanisms by which Aurelia maintain horizontal orientation in velocity shear, jellyfish swimming mechanics were studied in laboratory kreisel tanks at three shear rates (0.10, 0.21, and 0.34 s-1) and a no flow control. Medusae counteracted the rotational effect of velocity shear by pulsing asymmetrically. Specifically, medusae held a position against shear flow by maintaining a higher bell margin angle on the side of the medusa in higher flow velocity. Swimming asymmetry increased with shear and, as a result, the ratio between bell angles on opposing flow sides was significantly different from the control at all shear rates. Contractions were initiated on the lower flow side of the bell in all cases and at the highest shear rate, the low flow side of the bell contracted 0.2 s before the high flow side. Laboratory observations confirm that patches of jellyfish at vertical discontinuities may be the result of an active behavioral response to vertical velocity shear. Layers of jellyfish formed via an active behavioral response to shear may improve prey encounter or fertilization success.The research was supported by the National Science Foundation (OCE 9733441)

DISCOVERY OF CHARGE DENSITY PLASMAS IN WATER AND LIVING SYSTEMS

    This paper presents a rigorous examination of Charge Density Plasmas (CDP) and the molecular mechanisms affected by their formation. Charge Density Plasmas have been discovered in both living and non-living systems, including plants, water, people, animals, and soil, although only plants and water are presented in this paper. The properties of COPs are consistent with micro-plasmas that are self-organizing, internally generated, and very sensitive to local and environmental factors. The formation and dissipation of Charge Density Plasmas are related to the formation of molecular clusters and isomer configurations, and can be described using a mathematical model based on an asymptotic time function, as well as perturbation kinetics and reaction rate theory. In experiments with living plants it has been found that COP pulses give evidence for an internal current moving through the plant stem, and each time a CDP pulse forms, an associated magnetic pulse can be simultaneously induced in a nearby probe coil attached to a separate circuit. When a magnet on a pendulum is moved back and forth laterally across the stem, regular periodic oscillations are induced in the microplasma system within the stem. When moved longitudinally or vertically along the stem, these periodic oscillations disappear; again consistent with the plasma model as described by equation (3) in the text. Experiments with distilled water show that CDP pulses propagate in water, and do so differently in the North-South direction than they do in the East-West direction. These pulses appear to travel through one another without interference and thus exhibit the properties of soliton waves. Adding a small amount of ionic salt (KCI at 10 mM) greatly increases the plasma osciJiations and their complexity, which is attributed to cyclotron resonance between the charge density pulses and background ions. CDP diurnal data taken from distilled water 15-20 times per day for several months show distinct differences between the N-S and E-W curves. There is also a common feature in the form of a regular early morning maximum peak amplitude at approximately 7:00 a.m. This COP peak appeared in over 90% of the diurnal data sets and may be the result of the fact that electron density in the atmosphere is more than 100 times greater in the daytime than at night, increasing rapidly at sunrise