2,153 research outputs found
Post-Newtonian gravitational radiation and equations of motion via direct integration of the relaxed Einstein equations. V. Evidence for the strong equivalence principle to second post-Newtonian order
Using post-Newtonian equations of motion for fluid bodies valid to the second
post-Newtonian order, we derive the equations of motion for binary systems with
finite-sized, non-spinning but arbitrarily shaped bodies. In particular we
study the contributions of the internal structure of the bodies (such as
self-gravity) that would diverge if the size of the bodies were to shrink to
zero. Using a set of virial relations accurate to the first post-Newtonian
order that reflect the stationarity of each body, and redefining the masses to
include 1PN and 2PN self-gravity terms, we demonstrate the complete
cancellation of a class of potentially divergent, structure-dependent terms
that scale as s^{-1} and s^{-5/2}, where s is the characteristic size of the
bodies. This is further evidence of the Strong Equivalence Principle, and
supports the use of post-Newtonian approximations to derive equations of motion
for strong-field bodies such as neutron stars and black holes. This extends
earlier work done by Kopeikin.Comment: 14 pages, submitted to Phys. Rev. D; small changes to coincide with
published versio
Constraining f(R) Gravity as a Scalar Tensor Theory
We search for viable f(R) theories of gravity, making use of the equivalence
between such theories and scalar-tensor gravity. We find that models can be
made consistent with solar system constraints either by giving the scalar a
high mass or by exploiting the so-called chameleon effect. However, in both
cases, it appears likely that any late-time cosmic acceleration will be
observationally indistinguishable from acceleration caused by a cosmological
constant. We also explore further observational constraints from, e.g., big
bang nucleosynthesis and inflation.Comment: 15 pages, 5 figure
A Parameter-Free Tour of the Binary Black Hole Population
The continued operation of the Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
gravitational-wave detectors is enabling the first detailed measurements of the
mass, spin, and redshift distributions of the merging binary black hole
population. Our present knowledge of these distributions, however, is based
largely on strongly parameteric models; such models typically assume the
distributions of binary parameters to be superpositions of power laws, peaks,
dips, and breaks, and then measure the parameters governing these "building
block" features. Although this approach has yielded great progress in initial
characterization of the compact binary population, the strong assumptions
entailed leave it often unclear which physical conclusions are driven by
observation and which by the specific choice of model. In this paper, we
instead model the merger rate of binary black holes as an unknown
autoregressive process over the space of binary parameters, allowing us to
measure the distributions of binary black hole masses, redshifts, component
spins, and effective spins with near-complete agnosticism. We find the primary
mass spectrum of binary black holes to be doubly-peaked, with a fairly flat
continuum that steepens at high masses. We identify signs of unexpected
structure in the redshift distribution of binary black holes: a
uniform-in-comoving volume merger rate at low redshift followed by a rise in
the merger rate beyond redshift . Finally, we find that the
distribution of black hole spin magnitudes is unimodal and concentrated at
small but non-zero values, and that spin orientations span a wide range of
spin-orbit misalignment angles but are also unlikely to be truly isotropic.Comment: 24 pages, 14 figures; code can be found at
http://github.com/tcallister/autoregressive-bbh-inference and data can be
download from https://zenodo.org/record/761609
Post-Newtonian expansion for Gauss-Bonnet Gravity
The Parametrized Post-Newtonian expansion of gravitational theories with a
scalar field coupled to the Gauss-Bonnet invariant is performed and
confrontation of such theories with Solar system experiments is discussed.Comment: 4 pages; typos corrected, published versio
Instrumental Stakeholder Theory Makes Ethically Based Relationship Building Palatable to Managers Focused on the Bottom Line
We appreciate the opportunity to engage in this dialogue with Weitzner and Deutsch (2019) to clarify the meaning and intent of some of the arguments found in our article, “How Applying Instrumental Stakeholder Theory Can Provide Sustainable Competitive Advantage” (Jones, Harrison, & Felps, 2018). We are grateful for the high praise from the authors regarding the rigor and logic of our applications of resource-based criteria to instrumental stakeholder theory (IST). We begin this response by highlighting a few areas of agreement, followed by some points where we disagree
How Applying Instrumental Stakeholder Theory Can Provide Sustainable Competitive Advantage
Instrumental stakeholder theory considers the performance consequences for firms of highly ethical relationships with stakeholders, characterized by high levels of trust, cooperation, and information sharing. While research suggests performance benefits, an obvious question remains: If instrumental stakeholder theory-based stakeholder treatment is so valuable, why isn\u27t it the dominant mode of relating to stakeholders? We argue that the existing instrumental stakeholder theory literature has three shortcomings that limit its ability to explain variance in performance. (1) Little theory exists around how instrumental stakeholder theory-based stakeholder management could provide sustainable competitive advantage. (2) The literature has largely neglected the potential downsides (i.e., costs) associated with pursuing these sorts of stakeholder relationships. (3) There is a paucity of theory on the contexts in which the incremental benefits of instrumental stakeholder theory-based stakeholder relationships are most likely to exceed the costs. As our primary contribution, we develop a theoretical path from a communal sharing relational ethics strategy--characterized by an intention to rely on relational contracts, joint wealth creation, high levels of mutual trust and cooperation, and communal sharing of property--to a close relationship capability, which we argue is valuable, rare, and difficult to imitate and, thus, a potential source of sustainable competitive advantage. We also consider the potential costs of achieving this capability and identify contexts in which the resulting relationships are likely to have the greatest net value
Digging the population of compact binary mergers out of the noise
Coalescing compact binaries emitting gravitational wave (GW) signals, as recently detected by
the Advanced LIGO-Virgo network, constitute a population over the multi-dimensional space
of component masses and spins, redshift, and other parameters. Characterizing this population
is a major goal of GWobservations and may be approached via parametric models.We demonstrate
hierarchical inference for such models with a method that accounts for uncertainties in
each binary merger’s individual parameters, for mass-dependent selection effects, and also
for the presence of a second population of candidate events caused by detector noise. Thus,
the method is robust to potential biases from a contaminated sample and allows us to extract
information from events that have a relatively small probability of astrophysical origin
Unifying cosmological and recent time variations of fundamental couplings
A number of positive and null results on the time variation of fundamental
constants have been reported. It is difficult to judge whether or not these
claims are mutually consistent, since the observable quantities depend on
several parameters, namely the coupling strengths and masses of particles. The
evolution of these coupling-parameters over cosmological history is also a
priori unknown. A direct comparison requires a relation between the couplings.
We explore several distinct scenarios based on unification of gauge couplings,
providing a representative (though not exhaustive) sample of such relations.
For each scenario we obtain a characteristic time dependence and discuss
whether a monotonic time evolution is allowed. For all scenarios, some
contradictions between different observations appear. We show how a clear
observational determination of non-zero variations would test the dominant
mechanism of varying couplings within unified theories.Comment: Formatting changes and minor typos, equivalent to published version.
35 pages (11pt article format), 8 figure
- …