Measured optical absorption coefficients for uranium plasmas

Absolute emissivities of uranium plasmas in gas driven shock tub

Atomic spectroscopy with the shock tube

Spectroscopy of light atoms and ions and transition probability determinations using gas-driven shock tub

A BIOMECHANICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF EFFICIENCY AT DIFFERENT RUNNING PACES

The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences between several biomechanical and physiological variables associated with two different paces in treadmill running. The treadmill speed was adjusted to simulate an easy warm-up pace and a race pace for a 5000 m run. Another purpose was to study the contribution of both biomechanical and physiological variables toward total efficiency. The biomechanical variables included: (a) stride frequency, (b) stride length, (c) time of stride, and (d) percent of support. The physiological variables included: (a) heart rate, (b) R value, (c) V02, (d) percent of V02max, and (e) blood lactate. Nine intercollegiate distance runners from the north Texas area were filmed twice (5 min and 15 min) .from a sagittal view with a 16 mm high speed camera operating at 100 fps during two running paces. Joint segment markers were attached to the runners and one complete stride was digitized. The X/Y coordinates were used to determine the work per stride. Since physiological data were being collected simultaneously during the treadmill protocol, these were matched to the 5 min and 15 min film data intervals to determine total efficiency. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA was utilized with two paces and two times to investigate the biomechanical, physiological, and efficiency variables. Maximum experimentwise error control for Type I errors was necessary since ten dependent variables were utilized and the correlation matrix indicated that the data were nonorthogonal. A Bonferroni inequality test was also used and produced a modified alpha level of .005. No significant interactions for time by pace were found for any of the dependent variables. However, a trend does exist for several of the variables

Development of a spectroscopic shock tube

Gas spectroscopic tube and component equipment instrumentation for radiative transfer experiment

"Ashkui" Vernal Ice-cover Phenomena and Their Ecological Role in Southern Labrador

This is the first documented incident of River Otter (Lutra canadensis) feeding on Common Goldeneye (Bucephala clangula) in a little studied region, southern Labrador. Our observations were made during spring staging when waterfowl aggregate at open water sites in frozen lakes and rivers, locally known as ashkui. We suggest that otters and raptors opportunistically forage on staging waterfowl at ashkui

A Description of Stroke Dynamics in 100 Meter Wheelchair Racing

Since wheelchair racing was introduced in the United States over thirty years ago, wheelchair sports have been experiencing a growing popularity. An ever increasing number of national, and international competitions are being held for the disabled athlete; and record times in racing events are being set on an almost routine basis. Much interest by coaches, athletes, and researchers exists in identifying optimal performance factors in wheelchair propulsion, Three major areas of interest relating to performance have been the topics of recent research, symposia, and conferenees. These include the following: (1) designing effective training programs; (2) improving chair design; and (3) optimizing technique. Elite disabled athletes are being profiled by researchers from both physiological and biomechanical perspectives. All wheelchair users stand to benefit from wheelchair sports and research. Where many everyday chair users once were in a heavy, awkward «hospital-type» chair that fitted no one and certainly wasn't designed for sports use, now light weight, easily maneuverable chairs are in use. As equipment is improved and propulsion techniques become more efficient, all chair users can benefit from such knowledge. The United States Olympic Committee sponsored their first Sports Medieine and Sports Science Conference for the Disabled Athlete in the United States in March of 1987. This conference provided the opportunity for coaches, athletes, researchers, and other persons interested in sports for the disabled athlete to come together to share knowledge and ideas, and to examine the unique needs of the disabled performer. While physical limitations may influence the disabled athlete's perfomance, today's athletes are vitally interested in learning how to maximize their individual physical abilities. Although the major thrust of a great many of the research studies investigating wheelchair athletes has often been of a physiologic nature, a growing body of biomechanic research on wheelchair propulsion has been identified (Ridgwaw, Pope & Wilkerson, 1987; Siler, Martin & Mungiole, 1987; Higgs, 1986; Sanderson & Sommer, 1985; Cerquiglini, Figura, Marchetti & Ricci, 1981; King, 1981; and Perry, 1981). Many of these investigations have included small sample sizes, have been limited to male subjects, and have included relatively few classes of wheelchair athletes. Additionally, few have studied the elite wheelchair athlete during commpetition. The purpose of this study was to develop a kinematic model of wheelchair propulsion during 100-meter racing as performed by three classes of elite male wheelchair athletes

Gene-expression data integration to squamous cell lung cancer subtypes reveals drug sensitivity

Background: Squamous cell lung cancer (SqCC) is the second most common type of lung cancer in the United States. Previous studies have used gene-expression data to classify SqCC samples into four subtypes, including the primitive, classical, secretory and basal subtypes. These subtypes have different survival outcomes, although it is unknown whether these molecular subtypes predict response to therapy. Methods: Here, we analysed RNAseq data of 178 SqCC tumour samples and characterised the features of the different SqCC subtypes to define signature genes and pathway alterations specific to each subtype. Further, we compared the gene-expression features of each molecular subtype to specific time points in models of airway development. We also classified SqCC-derived cell lines and their reported therapeutic vulnerabilities. Results: We found that the primitive subtype may come from a later stage of differentiation, whereas the basal subtype may be from an early time. Most SqCC cell lines responded to one of five anticancer drugs (Panobinostat, 17-AAG, Irinotecan, Topotecan and Paclitaxel), whereas the basal-type cell line EBC-1 was sensitive to three other drugs (PF2341066, AZD6244 and PD-0325901). Conclusion: Compared with the other three subtypes of cell lines, the secretory-type cell lines were significantly less sensitive to the five most effective drugs, possibly because of their low proliferation activity. We provide a bioinformatics framework to explore drug repurposing for cancer subtypes based on the available genomic profiles of tumour samples, normal cell types, cancer cell lines and data of drug sensitivity in cell lines

A pulsed, mono-energetic and angular-selective UV photo-electron source for the commissioning of the KATRIN experiment

The KATRIN experiment aims to determine the neutrino mass scale with a sensitivity of 200 meV/c^2 (90% C.L.) by a precision measurement of the shape of the tritium $\beta$-spectrum in the endpoint region. The energy analysis of the decay electrons is achieved by a MAC-E filter spectrometer. To determine the transmission properties of the KATRIN main spectrometer, a mono-energetic and angular-selective electron source has been developed. In preparation for the second commissioning phase of the main spectrometer, a measurement phase was carried out at the KATRIN monitor spectrometer where the device was operated in a MAC-E filter setup for testing. The results of these measurements are compared with simulations using the particle-tracking software "Kassiopeia", which was developed in the KATRIN collaboration over recent years.Comment: 19 pages, 16 figures, submitted to European Physical Journal

Step Aerobics: A Kinematic And Kinetic Analysis

Step aerobics has become a popular form of aerobic exercise. Information regarding the mechanical stresses on the lower extremity during step aerobics may guide in determining the factors contributing to the risk of injury during progressions within this activity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate selected kinematic and kinetic variables during step aerobics at three heights and two cadences. Nine female subjects, mean age of 25.22 ± 4.3 yrs and mean height of 164 . 81 ±4.5 cm, performed conventional step aerobics. A conventional step was defined as right foot up, left foot up, right foot down, and left foot down. Three step heights of 4,6, and 8 in. and two cadences of 100 and 120 steps/minute (SPM) were performed by each subject in random order. These conditions were similar to those used in a typical step aerobics class. High speed cinematographic data collected at 90 frames/second were used to determine 2-D coordinates of the right leg in the sagittal plane. A Kistler force platform was used to measure ground reaction forces (GRF) of the right foot during step down. Identical mean vertical peak GRF were observed for both cadences. These forces were 1. 60, 1 .66, and 1 .76 percent body weight, at 4,6, and 8 in. respectively. Thus, increasing cadence from 100 to 120 SPM did not increase the risk of experiencing higher GRF in the lower extremity. Significant differences were found only between compressive joint forces and step heights at the ankle, knee, and hip. The magnitude of these joint forces were similar, indicating that there was no dissipation of forces throughout the lower extremity, unlike what has been observed during walking and running. Examination of the knee and hip moments revealed oscillating patterns that varied at different heights and cadences. This may indicate that these joints were used uniquely by individuals in stabilization of the body during the step down phase. With the possible exception of injury due to the lack of force dissipation, these findings suggest that progression of height and/or cadence may not be risk factors contributing to injury