573 research outputs found

    Poor memory as a predictor of poor treatment response in adults diagnosed with posttraumatic stress disorder

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    Current research has highlighted impaired learning and memory processes in adults diagnosed with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). Although some clients respond favourably to psychological therapy, outcome studies indicate that treatment rarely leads to a full remission of the disorder. Neuroimaging studies of adults with chronic PTSD have suggested altered brain morphology in regions associated with memory functioning, specifically the hippocampus. It is possible that impaired learning and memory processes adversely affect the capability of clients with PTSD to respond to treatment. This study investigated the memory, attention and learning profiles of 27 adults diagnosed with PTSD who presented at a specialist treatment centre prior to commencing cognitive-behavioural therapy. Measures of PTSD, anxiety, depression, and past and current history of alcohol/substance use were obtained on assessment. A neuropsychological test battery was then administered to assess baseline cognitive functioning, memory, learning, attention, and executive function. Twenty-three adults were followed up at session eight of treatment, and their PTSD diagnosis was re-evaluated. Clients who did not improve with treatment had significantly poorer performance on intake measures of verbal memory. In particular, a measure of encoding meaningful verbal material was found to independently predict outcome. Differences were not accounted for by performance on tasks of attention and executive function. Further, severity of PTSD symptomatology, severity of anxiety and depression, length of time since trauma, and alcohol and substance use were not related to memory functioning. The theoretical, clinical, and research implications of this were discussed

    Sur le dĂ©clin d’un dispositif culturel : la chanson illustrĂ©e

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    La chanson illustrĂ©e est un dispositif de divertissement amĂ©ricain du cinĂ©ma des premiers temps qui plonge ses racines dans la tradition de la lanterne magique du XIXe siĂšcle, qui se popularise dans les vaudevilles au tournant du XXe siĂšcle, et se gĂ©nĂ©ralise en tant que spectacle avec le dĂ©veloppement des nickelodĂ©ons. En dĂ©pit du grand nombre d’études rĂ©centes qui ont mis en lumiĂšre l’importance de la chanson illustrĂ©e dans les programmes mixtes des premiers lieux de projections cinĂ©matographiques, les raisons de sa disparition vers 1914 demeurent obscures. La montĂ©e de la standardisation dans tous les secteurs de l’industrie cinĂ©matographique ainsi que le soutien appuyĂ© de la presse corporative imposĂšrent un jugement esthĂ©tique sur les spectacles de chanson illustrĂ©e qui l’a peu Ă  peu renvoyĂ©e dans les marges des pratiques cultrelles des dĂ©buts du cinĂ©ma.The Illustrated Song Slide, an American entertainment practice of the early cinema period with roots in 19th century magic lantern slide traditions, was popularized in vaudeville theaters over the course of the turn of the century and became a wide-spread form of spectacle with the rise of nickelodeons. Despite the number of recent studies that have clarified the Illustrated Song Slide’s importance to the heterogeneous programs of early cinema exhibition spaces, the reasons behind its disappearance from this cultural landscape by 1914 remain obscured. The rise of standardization on all fronts of the cinema industry, as well as the prolific corroboration of its trade press in this endeavor, combine to effect an aesthetic judgment of the visual and live-performative aspects of the Illustrated Song Slide that progressively forces the ISS into the margins of early-cinema cultural practice

    Rosanna Maule (dir.), CinĂ©mas. Revue d’études cinĂ©matographiques/Journal of Film Studies| Callahan, Vicki, Zones of Anxiety : Movement, Musidora and the Crime Serials of Louis Feuillade| Jennifer Bean, Diane Negra (dir.), A Feminist Reader in Early Cinema

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    Évaluer ces trois publications n’est pas Ă©tablir un bilan des Ă©tudes fĂ©ministes actuelles : c’est pourtant examiner comment les chercheurs se sont servis rĂ©cemment d’une approche fĂ©ministe afin de mener la recherche historique du cinĂ©ma ; c’est estimer comment un tel projet enrichit l’historiographie d’une urgence politique qui nous remet face Ă  nos façons de penser, de concevoir l’acte historiographique ; c’est enfin affiner notre comprĂ©hension de la pratique de « l’historiographie fĂ©ministe..

    Mental health and help seeking among trauma-exposed emergency service staff:a qualitative evidence synthesis

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    OBJECTIVES: To identify factors and contexts that may contribute to mental health and recovery from psychological difficulties for emergency service workers (ESWs) exposed to occupational trauma, and barriers and facilitators to help-seeking behaviour among trauma-exposed ESWs. BACKGROUND: ESWs are at greater risk of stressor-related psychopathology than the general population. Exposure to occupational stressors and trauma contribute to the observed rates of post-trauma psychopathology in this occupational group with implications for workforce sustainability. Types of organisational interventions offered to trauma-exposed ESWs are inconsistent across the UK, with uncertainty around how to engage staff. DESIGN: Four databases (OVID MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and SCOPUS) were systematically searched from 1 January 1980 to March 2020, with citation tracking and reference chaining. A modified Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool and quality appraisal prompts were used to identify fatally flawed studies. Qualitative studies of trauma-exposure in front-line ESWs were included, and data were extracted using a customised extraction table. Included studies were analysed using thematic synthesis. RESULTS: A qualitative evidence synthesis was conducted with 24 qualitative studies meeting inclusion criteria, as defined by the PerSPEcTiF framework. Fourteen descriptive themes emerged from this review, categorised into two overarching constructs: (1) factors contributing to mental health (such as the need for downtime, peer support and reassurance) and (2) factors influencing help-seeking behaviour (such as stigma, the content/form/mandatory nature of interventions, and mental health literacy issues including emotional awareness and education). CONCLUSION: ESWs reported disconnect between the organisations’ cultural positioning on trauma-related mental health, the reality of undertaking the role and the perceived applicability and usefulness of trauma interventions. Following traumatic exposure, ESWs identify benefitting from recovery time and informal support from trusted colleagues. A culture which encourages help seeking and open dialogue around mental health may reduce stigma and improve recovery from mental ill health associated with trauma exposure

    Microperimetry and multimodal imaging in polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy

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    Polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) is a degenerative macular disease. The study determined the topographical concordance in the areal extent of PCV, defined by indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), and the corresponding outcomes from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and microperimetry, in 25 individuals (25 eyes) who had undergone 3 months of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment. The differential light sensitivity within 10° eccentricity was evaluated by Pattern Deviation probability analysis. The concordances and proportional areal extents of the abnormality for ICGA, SD-OCT and microperimetry were compared. The concordance in the areal extent between all three modalities was 59%. The median concordance between ICGA and microperimetry was 60%; between ICGA and SD-OCT, 70%; and between SD-OCT and microperimetry, 72%. SD-OCT and microperimetry each identified a greater areal extent (>20%) compared to ICGA in 13 and 19 eyes, respectively. A greater areal extent (>20%) was present in 9 eyes for microperimetry compared to SD-OCT and in 5 eyes for SD-OCT compared to microperimetry. SD-OCT and microperimetry each identified a greater area of abnormality than ICGA which supports the clinical utility of SD-OCT. Strong concordance was present between SD-OCT and microperimetry; however, microperimetry identified additional areas of functional abnormality

    Associations of statin adherence and lipid targets with adverse outcomes in myocardial infarction survivors:a retrospective cohort study

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    Objectives: To examine associations between statin adherence and lipid target achievement in myocardial infarction (MI) survivors, and their associations with mortality and recurrent MIs. Design: Retrospective cohort study using linked clinical records within the National Health Service Greater Glasgow and Clyde (NHS GGC) Data Safe Haven. Setting: Routine clinical practice in the NHS GGC area between January 2009 and July 2017. Participants: Patients ≄18 years who experienced a non-fatal MI hospital admission (ICD10: I21, I22) between January 2009 and July 2014 (n=11 031), followed up from the date of MI admission until July 2017 or death, whichever occurred first. Primary and secondary outcome measures: Statin adherence was estimated using encashed prescriptions and lipid results from routine biochemistry data. Primary lipid and statin adherence targets were LDL ≀1.8 mmol/L and adherence ≄50%, and were related to all-cause death, deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) (ICD10: I00–I99 as the underlying cause), and recurrent MI in unadjusted models and models adjusting for age, sex, socioeconomic deprivation and year of MI. Results: Over 4.5 years follow-up, 76% achieved LDL ≀1.8 mmol/L, and 84.5% had average adherence ≄50%. Patients with adherence <50% had an increased risk of not meeting LDL ≀1.8 mmol/L, in adjusted models (OR 2.03, 95% CI 1.78 to 2.31, p<0.0001). In univariable models, not meeting LDL ≀1.8 mmol/L was associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality (HR 1.27, 95% CI 1.16 to 1.39, p<0.0001) and CVD mortality (HR 1.29, 95% CI 1.11 to 1.51, p=0.0013). Adherence <50% was associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality (HR 1.58, 95% CI 1.44 to 1.74, p<0.0001) and CVD mortality (HR 1.60, 95% CI 1.36 to 1.88, p<0.0001). Adjustment for confounders did not abrogate these associations. Neither exposure was associated with recurrent MIs. Conclusions: Non-achievement of lipid and adherence targets are associated with increased risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. Further work is required to optimise their use to improve outcomes in clinical practice

    Some remarks on authentication systems

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    Brickell, Simmons and others have discussed doubly perfect authentication systems in which an opponent\u27s chance of deceiving the receiver is a minimum for a given number of encoding rules. Brickell has shown that in some instances to achieve this minimum the system needs to have splitting. Such a system uses a larger message space. Motivated by Brickell\u27s ideas we consider authentication systems with splitting and the problems of reducing the message space

    Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Binds to Annexin II, a Cofactor for Macrophage HIV-1 Infection

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    The distribution of secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) at entry portals indicates its involvement in defending the host from pathogens, consistent with the ability of SLPI to inhibit human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection by an unknown mechanism. We now demonstrate that SLPI binds to the membrane of human macrophages through the phospholipid-binding protein, annexin II. Based on the recent identification of human cell membrane phosphatidylserine (PS) in the outer coat of HIV-1, we define a novel role for annexin II, a PS-binding moiety, as a cellular cofactor supporting macrophage HIV-1 infection. Moreover, this HIV-1 PS interaction with annexin II can be disrupted by SLPI or other annexin II–specific inhibitors. The PS–annexin II connection may represent a new target to prevent HIV-1 infection
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