21 research outputs found
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Electric current-driven spectral tunability of surface plasmon polaritons in gold coated tapered fibers
Here we introduce the concept of electrically tuning surface plasmon polaritons using current-driven heat dissipation, allowing controlling plasmonic properties via a straightforward-to-access quantity. The key idea is based on an electrical current flowing through the plasmonic layer, changing plasmon dispersion and phase-matching condition via a temperature-imposed modification of the refractive index of one of the dielectric media involved. This scheme was experimentally demonstrated on the example of an electrically connected plasmonic fiber taper that has sensitivities >50000 nm/RIU. By applying a current, dissipative heat generated inside metal film heats the surrounding liquid, reducing its refractive index correspondingly and thus modifying the phase-matching condition to the fundamental taper mode. We observed spectral shifts of the plasmonic resonance up to 300 nm towards shorter wavelength by an electrical power of †80 mW, clearly showing that our concept is important for applications that demand precise real-time and external control on plasmonic dispersion and resonance wavelengths
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Fiber-based 3D nano-printed holography with individually phase-engineered remote points
The generation of tailored light fields with spatially controlled intensity and phase distribution is essential in many areas of science and application, while creating such patterns remotely has recently defined a key challenge. Here, we present a fiber-compatible concept for the remote generation of complex multi-foci three-dimensional intensity patterns with adjusted relative phases between individual foci. By extending the well-known Huygens principle, we demonstrate, in simulations and experiments, that our interference-based approach enables controlling of both intensity and phase of individual focal points in an array of spots distributed in all three spatial directions. Holograms were implemented using 3D nano-printing on planar substrates and optical fibers, showing excellent agreement between design and implemented structures. In addition to planar substrates, holograms were also generated on modified single-mode fibers, creating intensity distributions consisting of about 200 individual foci distributed over multiple image planes. The presented scheme yields an innovative pathway for phase-controlled 3D digital holography over remote distances, yielding an enormous potential application in fields such as quantum technology, life sciences, bioanalytics and telecommunications. Overall, all fields requiring precise excitation of higher-order optical resonances, including nanophotonics, fiber optics and waveguide technology, will benefit from the concept
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Fluoride-Sulfophosphate/Silica Hybrid Fiber as a Platform for Optically Active Materials
Pressure-assisted melt filling (PAMF) of pre-fabricated micro-capillaries has been proven an effective way of fabricating hybrid optical fiber (HOF) from unusual combinations of materials. Here, we extend the applicability of PAMF to multi-anionic fluoride-sulfophosphate (FPS) glasses. FPS glasses provide extended transmission windows and high solubility for various transition metal (TM) and rare earth (RE) ion species. Using PAMF for fabricating FPS/silica HOFs can therefore act as a platform for a broad variety of optically active fiber devices. For the present demonstration purposes, we selected Cr3+- and Mn2+-doped FPS. For both glasses, we demonstrate how the spectral characteristics of the bulk material persist also in the HOF. Using a double-core fiber structure in which waveguiding is conducted in a primary GeO2-SiO2 core, mode coupling to the secondary FPS-filled core allows one to exploit the optical activity of the doped FPS glass even when the intrinsic optical loss is high.Pressure-assisted melt filling (PAMF) of pre-fabricated micro-capillaries has been proven an effective way of fabricating hybrid optical fiber (HOF) from unusual combinations of materials. Here, we extend the applicability of PAMF to multi-anionic fluoride-sulfophosphate (FPS) glasses. FPS glasses provide extended transmission windows and high solubility for various transition metal (TM) and rare earth (RE) ion species. Using PAMF for fabricating FPS/silica HOFs can therefore act as a platform for a broad variety of optically active fiber devices. For the present demonstration purposes, we selected Cr3+- and Mn2+-doped FPS. For both glasses, we demonstrate how the spectral characteristics of the bulk material persist also in the HOF. Using a double-core fiber structure in which waveguiding is conducted in a primary GeO2-SiO2 core, mode coupling to the secondary FPS-filled core allows one to exploit the optical activity of the doped FPS glass even when the intrinsic optical loss is high
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Gold-reinforced silver nanoprisms on optical fiber tapers - A new base for high precision sensing
Due to their unique optical properties, metallic nanoparticles offer a great potential for important applications such as disease diagnostics, demanding highly integrated device solutions with large refractive index sensitivity. Here we introduce a new type of monolithic localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) waveguide sensor based on the combination of an adiabatic optical fiber taper and a high-density ensemble of immobilized gold-reinforced silver nanoprisms, showing sensitivities up to 900 nm/RIU. This result represents the highest value reported so far for a fiber optic sensor using the LSPR effect and exceeds the corresponding value of the bulk solution by a factor of two. The plasmonic resonance is efficiently excited via the evanescent field of the propagating taper mode, leading to pronounced transmission dips (â20 dB). The particle density is so high (approx. 210 particle/ÎŒm2) that neighboring particles are able to interact, boosting the sensitivity, as confirmed by qualitative infinite element simulations. We additionally introduce a qualitative model explaining the interaction of plasmon resonance and taper mode on the basis of light extinction, allowing extracting key parameters of the plasmonic taper (e.g., modal attenuation). Due to the monolithic design and the extremely high sensitivity we expect our finding to be relevant in fields such as biomedicine, disease diagnostics, and molecular sensing
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On-chip fluorescence detection using photonic bandgap guiding optofluidic hollow-core light cage
The on-chip detection of fluorescent light is essential for many bioanalytical and life-science related applications. Here, the optofluidic light cage consisting of a sparse array of micrometer encircling a hollow core represents an innovative concept, particularly for on-chip waveguide-based spectroscopy. In the present work, we demonstrate the potential of the optofluidic light cage concept in the context of integrated on-chip fluorescence spectroscopy. Specifically, we show that fluorescent light from a dye-doped aqueous solution generated in the core of a nanoprinted dual-ring light cage can be efficiently captured and guided to the waveguide ports. Notably, the fluorescence collection occurs predominantly in the fundamental mode, a property that distinguishes it from evanescent field-based waveguide detection schemes that favor collection in higher-order modes. Through exploiting the flexibility of waveguide design and 3D nanoprinting, both excitation and emission have been localized in the high transmission domains of the fundamental core mode. Fast diffusion, detection limits comparable to bulk measurements, and the potential of this approach in terms of device integration were demonstrated. Together with previous results on absorption spectroscopy, the achievements presented here suggest that the optofluidic light cage concept defines a novel photonic platform for integrated on-chip spectroscopic devices and real-time sensors compatible with both the fiber circuitry and microfluidics. Applications in areas such as bioanalytics and environmental sciences are conceivable, while more sophisticated applications such as nanoparticle tracking analysis and integrated Raman spectroscopy could be envisioned
Metafiber transforming arbitrarily structured light
Structured light has proven useful for numerous photonic applications.
However, the current use of structured light in optical fiber science and
technology is severely limited by mode mixing or by the lack of optical
elements that can be integrated onto fiber end-faces for complex wavefront
control, and hence generation of structured light is still handled outside the
fiber via bulky optics in free space. We report a metafiber platform capable of
creating arbitrarily structured light on the hybrid-order Poincar\'e sphere.
Polymeric metasurfaces, with unleashed height degree of freedom and a greatly
expanded 3D meta-atom library, were laser nanoprinted and interfaced with
polarization-maintaining single-mode fibers. Multiple metasurfaces were
interfaced on the fiber end-faces, transforming the fiber output into different
structured-light fields, including cylindrical vector beams, circularly
polarized vortex beams, and an arbitrary vector field. Our work provides a new
paradigm for advancing optical fiber science and technology towards
fiber-integrated light shaping, which may find important applications in fiber
communications, fiber lasers and sensors, endoscopic imaging, fiber
lithography, and lab-on-fiber technology
Crossing the exceptional point in a fiber-plasmonic waveguide -INVITED
We experimentally demonstrate a hybrid plasmonic fiber with tuneable Eigenmode interactions near the exceptional point. We experimentally observe a transition through the exceptional point in a fiber-plasmonic system: transmission experiments reveal fundamental changes in the underlying Eigenmode interactions as the environmental refractive index is tuned due to a crossing through the plasmonic exceptional point. These results extend the design opportunities for tunable non-Hermitian physics to plasmonic waveguide systems
Crossing the exceptional point in a fiber-plasmonic waveguide -INVITED
We experimentally demonstrate a hybrid plasmonic fiber with tuneable Eigenmode interactions near the exceptional point. We experimentally observe a transition through the exceptional point in a fiber-plasmonic system: transmission experiments reveal fundamental changes in the underlying Eigenmode interactions as the environmental refractive index is tuned due to a crossing through the plasmonic exceptional point. These results extend the design opportunities for tunable non-Hermitian physics to plasmonic waveguide systems
Electric current-driven spectral tunability of surface plasmon polaritons in gold coated tapered fibers
Here we introduce the concept of electrically tuning surface plasmon polaritons using current-driven heat dissipation, allowing controlling plasmonic properties via a straightforward-to-access quantity. The key idea is based on an electrical current flowing through the plasmonic layer, changing plasmon dispersion and phase-matching condition via a temperature-imposed modification of the refractive index of one of the dielectric media involved. This scheme was experimentally demonstrated on the example of an electrically connected plasmonic fiber taper that has sensitivities >50000 nm/RIU. By applying a current, dissipative heat generated inside metal film heats the surrounding liquid, reducing its refractive index correspondingly and thus modifying the phase-matching condition to the fundamental taper mode. We observed spectral shifts of the plasmonic resonance up to 300 nm towards shorter wavelength by an electrical power of †80 mW, clearly showing that our concept is important for applications that demand precise real-time and external control on plasmonic dispersion and resonance wavelengths