Determining the Assumptions for the Selection of Measurement Methods for Products Manufactured with Incremental Methods

The article presents the method of determining the assumptions for the selection of measurement methods for products manufactured with the use of incremental processes. In the research area, an analysis of 3D printing methods was carried out in terms of the specificity of the additive process, the materials used, the possibility of process deformations, and the accuracy of technological machines. With regard to the measurement methods, the analysis covered the accuracy of the method, the speed of the measurements, the costs of the measurements and the applicability to additive manufactured products. As a result of the analysis, assumptions were made for the criteria for selecting measurement methods for incrementally manufactured objects. The accuracy of prototyping in incremental processes largely depends on the accuracy of their numerical models. Taking this into account, simulations and studies of program processing of data were also carried out, starting from the development of a 3D-CAD model, through the export of numerical models and the preparation of data for manufacturing and control-measurement processes

The Place of 3D Printing in the Manufacturing and Operational Process Based on the Industry 4.0 Structure

The article presents the place of 3D printing in the manufacturing and operational process. It analyzes selected incremental technologies in the product life cycle. It describes selected processes for testing the properties of materials used in 3D printing, including accelerated aging tests and simulation of operating conditions. Areas of application of 3D printing were defined, starting from design and prototype development through manufacturing of technological tools and finally finished products. Design criteria of additivelymanufactured elements in relation to the exploitation process are discussed. A methodology for the development of 3D-CAD models of manufactured elements, software processing of data and data storage format for manufacturing products and spare parts is presented. The assumptions of repair procedures based on the production of spare parts by means of 3D printing in relation to data circulation compatible with the idea of Industry 4.0 structure have been adopted

Experimental Investigation of a Hemisphere Contact with a Hard Flat

In this paper experimental investigation is presented to study the contact of a deformable hemisphere with a hard flat. Hemispheres were made from steel and copper, but flat from silicon carbide. During contact, deformation of hemisphere was measured. After experiment, plastic contact area of hemisphere was estimated on the basis of surface topography measurement by white light interferometer. The experimental results were compared with the theoretical models, showing good agreement

Influence of argon pollution on the weld surface morphology

In this paper the surfaces of butt welded joints in steel tubes were analyzed using an optical 3D measurement system to determine the morphology and topographic parameters. It was established that pollution of the argon shield gas with oxygen did not influence the width of the heat-affected zone. However, the composition of the shield gas significantly influenced the surface asymmetry, Ssk, and its inclination Sku. The measurement of these parameters enabled the selection of a higher quality surface, which was visually proven by the reduction in discoloration of the surface of the weld joint. High quality surfaces eliminate a potential habitat for bacteria and a future source of corrosion as well as providing less resistance to fluid flow