24 research outputs found
Facilitators and barriers to health enhancing physical activity in individuals with severe functional limitations after stroke: A qualitative study
Background: Patients with chronic conditions are less physically active than the general population despite knowledge of positive effects on physical and mental health. There is a variety of reasons preventing people with disabilities from achieving levels of physical activities resulting in health benefits. However, less is known about potential facilitators and barriers for physical activity (PA) in people with severe movement impairments. The aim of this study was to identify obstacles and facilitators of PA in individuals with severe disabilities.
Materials and methods: Using a qualitative approach to explore individuals’ subjective perspectives in depth, five community-dwelling adults (age 52–72, 2 female, 3 male) living with chronic mobility impairments after stroke that restrict independent PA were interviewed. A semi structured topic guide based on the theoretical domains framework was utilized. The interview data was analyzed thematically, and the theoretical domains framework constructs were mapped onto the main and sub-categories.
Results: The six main categories of facilitators and barriers along the capability, opportunity, motivation–behavior (COM-B) framework were: (1) physical capabilities, (2) psychological capabilities, (3) motivation reflective, (4) motivation automatic, (5) opportunity physical, and (6) opportunity social. The physical capabilities to independently perform PA were variable between participants but were not necessarily perceived as a barrier. Participants were highly motivated to maintain and/or increase their abilities to master their everyday lives as independently as possible. It became clear that a lack of physical opportunities, such as having access to adequate training facilities can present a barrier. Social opportunities in the form of social support, social norms, or comparisons with others can act as both facilitators and barriers.
Conclusion: While confirming known barriers and facilitators that impact the ability of individuals with functional limitations to be active, the findings highlight the need and opportunities for comprehensive service models based on interdisciplinary collaborations
Die Wiedervereinigung - eine ökonomische Erfolgsgeschichte
Die Erwartungen der Menschen nach dem Mauerfall vor 25 Jahren und der Wiedervereinigung 1990 waren enorm. Die Regierung versprach, innerhalb weniger Jahre ,,blühende Landschaften" zu schaffen. Die Euphorie der Wiedervereinigung kam nicht nur durch den Wunsch zustande, endlich wieder ein Land und eine Nation zu sein, sondern hatte auch handfeste wirtschaftliche Gründe: Die Menschen in Ostdeutschland wollten eine bessere wirtschaftliche Perspektive, mehr Chancen, ihre Möglichkeiten zu verwirklichen und letztlich mehr Wohlstand für sich und künftige Generationen zu schaffen. Die Westdeutschen erhofften sich einen Boom. Das Versprechen erwies sich sehr schnell als eine Illusion. Und es wurden - aus rein ökonomischer Sicht - wirtschaftspolitische Fehler gemacht, wie etwa die Währungsunion zu einem Wechselkurs, der wirtschaftlich die Wettbewerbsfähigkeit Ostdeutschlands schnell sinken ließ und zumindest anfänglich zu einem starken Anstieg der Arbeitslosigkeit beitrug. Und die Privatisierung durch die Treuhandanstalt war wahrscheinlich übereilt. Ist jedoch die Wiedervereinigung deshalb aus wirtschaftspolitischer Perspektive gescheitert? Es wäre falsch, das politische Versprechen vom schnellen Wohlstand als Maß für den Erfolg der Wiedervereinigung zu nehmen. Die Frage nach einem realistischen Ziel und Kriterium für eine systematische wirtschaftspolitische Bewertung der Wiedervereinigung ist schwer zu beantworten. Die Annäherung, oder Konvergenz, der Lebensbedingungen in Ost- und Westdeutschland ist ein Maß, das diesem Ziel der Bewertung nahe kommt. Es wäre jedoch irreführend, unter Konvergenz eine völlige Gleichheit aller wirtschaftlichen Indikatoren zu verstehen. Eine Gleichheit in Einkommen, Produktivität oder Vermögen wird es innerhalb einer Volkswirtschaft und eines Landes nie geben können. Jedes noch so kleine und stark integrierte Land wird immer Unterschiede zwischen Regionen und selbst innerhalb von Regionen aufweisen. Auch die verschiedenen Regionen in Westdeutschland haben seit 1945 keinen Konvergenzprozess durchgemacht, der zu einer vollständigen wirtschaftlichen Angleichung geführt hätte. Ganz im Gegenteil: Häufig gibt es zeitweise Divergenzen, also auseinanderlaufende Lebensverhältnisse und wirtschaftliche Bedingungen, manchmal wandeln sich relativ arme Regionen zu den leistungsstärksten. Das Beispiel Bayerns ist nur eines, das zeigt, dass auch Westdeutschland einen solchen Prozess erfahren hat. Aber Länder wie Italien und Spanien haben sehr große und anhaltende Unterschiede über Regionen hinweg, die sich seit Jahrhunderten nicht ausgeglichen haben, sondern durch die Globalisierung eher noch größer geworden sind. Der vorliegende Wochenbericht des DIW Berlin will zunächst einen Beitrag zur wirtschaftspolitischen Bewertung der Wiedervereinigung leisten. Wie haben sich Einkommen, Produktivität und Löhne in Westdeutschland und in Ostdeutschland angeglichen? Wie sind verschiedene Bevölkerungsgruppen von der Wiedervereinigung beeinflusst worden? Wie haben sich Vermögen und Wohlstand im Vergleich der beiden Teile Deutschlands entwickelt? Dies sind die zentralen Fragen, die in den Aufsätzen des ersten Teils dieses Wochenberichts analysiert werden
Reunification: An economic success story
People's expectations after the fall of the Berlin Wall 25 years ago and of reunification in 1990 were huge. The government promised to create "flourishing landscapes" within a few years. The euphoria of reunification came not only through the desire to finally become one country and one nation again but also had tangible economic reasons: the people from East Germany wanted better economic prospects, more opportunities to realize their potential, and ultimately to create more well-being for themselves and future generations. West Germans were hoping for a boom. This promise very quickly proved to be an illusion. And, solely from an economic perspective, economic policy errors were made, such as monetary union at an exchange rate that caused East Germany's economic competitiveness to fall rapidly and, at least initially, contributed to a sharp rise in unemployment. In addition, privatization through the Treuhandanstalt was probably premature. Nevertheless, did reunification fail from an economic policy perspective? It would be misguided to take the political promises of whirlwind prosperity as a measure of the success of reunification. It is difficult to answer the question as to what are realistic objectives and criteria for a systematic economic policy evaluation of reunification. The convergence of living conditions in eastern and western Germany is a measure that comes close to assessing this objective. It would be misleading, however, to equate convergence with complete equality of all economic indicators. Equality of income, productivity, or assets will never be achieved in any economy or country. There will always be differences between regions, and even within regions, in any small or highly integrated country. The different regions in western Germany have not undergone this process since 1945, which would have led to full economic convergence, had the country not been divided. Quite the contrary: there are often temporary divergences, i.e., diverging living and economic conditions, sometimes relatively poor regions transform into the most productive. Bavaria is just one example of western Germany experiencing such a process. Countries such as Italy and Spain have very large and persistent differences across regions that have not evened out for centuries but have actually become even greater through globalization. This present DIW Economic Bulletin is intended as an initial contribution to the economic policy evaluation of reunification. To what extent have income, productivity, and wages converged in western and eastern Germany? How has reunification influenced different population groups? How have assets and well-being developed in both parts of Germany? These are the key questions analyzed in the first part of this DIW Economic Bulletin. [...
A pentagonal pyramidal coordination of Bismut. Crystal structure of Methylbismuthbis(diethyldithiocar bamate)
The crystal structure of the title compound, recrystallized from ethanol, was solved by means of X-ray diffraction methods and could be refined to an R-value of 0.050 with 2126 reflections observed. In contrast to its behaviour in benzene solution, where the compound is monomerie, in the crystalline state dimerie units are formed by intermoleeular Bi-S-interactions. The bismuth atoms are coordinated in form of a slightly distorted pentagonal pyramid with the free electron pair presumably directed opposite the apical C-atom
Preparation and X-ray structure of 2-Methylthio-l,3,2-benzodithiastibole
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Syntheses and structure of Some Methyl(dicarboxilato)stibanes
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Synthesis and Structure of some -Cyclopentadienyldicarbonylironbismuth compounds Cp(CO)FeBiX with five-coordinated Bismuth Atoms
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