Effectiveness Botanical Insecticides Crescentia Cujete Fruit and Flowers Syzygium Aromaticum Mortality Against Spodoptera Litura in Vitro as a Learning Resource Biology

Ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura) merupakan salah satu jenis hama terpenting yang menyerang tanaman palawija dan sayuran di Indonesia. Sejauh ini kerugian yang dialami sektor pertanian Indonesia akibat serangan hama menurunkan produktivitas pertanian. Penggunaan pestisida sintetis di lingkungan pertanian menjadi masalah yang sangat dilematis. Penggunaan insektisida nabati merupakan alternatif untuk mengendalikan serangga hama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas buah Crescentia cujete dan bunga syzygium aromaticum sebagai insektisida nabati pengendali Spodoptera litura. Jenis penelitian ini adalah True Experiment Research. Penelitian dilakukan dengan dua perlakuan yaitu jenis insektisida nabati dan jenis konsentrasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuanyang palingefektif pada jenis insektisida adalah A3 (insektisida campuran) didapatkan hasil rerata mortalitas Spodoptera litura sebesar 9,33, sedangkan pada jenis konsentrasi yakni perlakuan B5 (75%) dengan hasil rerata sebesar 9,33. Namun tidak ada pengaruh interaksi anatara jenis insektisida dengan jenis konsentrasi maka dilakukan anasilis tunggal pada masing – masing perlakuan. Penelitian ini manfaatkan sebagai sumber belajar berupa liflet

Peranan Aerasi Dan Silika Serta Lama Pemeraman Terhadap Kandungan Pupuk Cair Lumpur Organik Unit Gas Bio

Organic Sludge Biogas Unit (OSBGU) is a product that was generally less noticed by the owner. Filtering solids and liquids of OSBGU would be very helpful for feedstuffs and fertilizer plants. Giving aeration and silica in the fluid of OSBGU as long ripening treatment with 1, 2, 3, 4 and 7 days was expected to transform the liquid into a better liquid fertilizer of OSBGU. The results showed that the effect of treatment, fermentation time and the interaction among them on the content of liquid OSBGU manure on pH, organic C, N total, C/N ratio, and organic matter was highly significant (P<0.01), except for total N did not have differences (P>0.05). The study concluded that the role of aeration and the addition of silica and long ripening and their interaction was very influential on the content of liquid OSBGU manure on pH, organic C, C/N ratio and organic ingredients, except the N total. The study suggested to use aeration and if necessary by adding silica and fermentation time until on day 7 to improve the content of liquid OSBGU manure

Effect of interleukins (IL-2, IL-15, IL-18) on receptors activation and cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells in breast cancer cell

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer deaths in women. Metastasis in BC is caused by immunosurveillance deficiency, such NK cell maturation, low NK activity and decreasing cytotoxicity. This study was performed to improve activating receptors and cytotoxicity of NK cells using interleukins (ILs). Methods: Human recombinant IL-2, -15, and -18 were used to induce NK cells. We measured the activating and inhibiting receptors, proliferation activity of NK cells, and the cytotoxicity of NK cells on BC cells (MCF7). The effects of ILs were tested on the NK cell receptors CD314, CD158a and CD107a with flowcytometry, proliferation at various incubation times with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-5-(3-carboxy methoxyphenyl)-2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium (MTS) assay and concentrations of TNF-\u3b1 and IFN-\u3b3 by NK cells with ELISA. Results: ILs increased NK cell receptor levels (CD314, CD158a, and CD107a) at 24 hours of incubation. ILs increased NK cell viability, which increased with longer incubation. Moreover, ILs-induced NK cells inhibited proliferation in MCF7 cells, as well as increased TNF-\u3b1, IFN-\u3b3, PRF1 and GzmB secretion. Conclusion: IL-2, IL-15, and IL-18 improved activating receptors and proliferation of NK cells. IL-induced NK cells increased TNF-\u3b1, IFN-\u3b3, PRF1 and GzmB secretion and cytotoxic activity on BC cells. High NK cell numbers increased BC cell growth inhibition

Peran Makanan Tradisional Berbahan Baku Ubi Kayu Terhadap Sistem Ketahanan Pangan Ditinjau Dari Perspektif Ekonomi Rumah Tangga

This study was aimed to find out the household economic condition, to compare food budget according to each consumption pattern of main food so that margin value can be known, to find out influence between rice and traditional food consumption toward food budget and influence of household income toward traditional food consumption, and to analyze the role of traditional food toward food security contemplated of household economical perspective. The measurement of income, budget and food consumption pattern was carried out using questinnaire distributed to household through structured interview technique. The comparison of food consumption pattern was carried out by grouping the main food sonsumption pattern based on type difference and consumption number and then converted in rupiah value. The result showed that traditional food consumption pattern can be a complement of the main food except rice, that were able to provide economical accessibility to enough food and have a low price, so real income of household can be increased. Traditional food in the food security could have a role as survival strategy for poor people that have limited income so they could built up the capacity to help their self and their family in providing cheapest main food