Characteristics and performance analysis of different grain sizes bamboo-activated carbons for motorcycle flue gas adsorption

The use of fossil fuels in human activities such as motorcycles has led to an increase in the concentration emitted in the atmosphere. Various efforts and methods such as adsorption using activated carbon have been developed and applied to reduce the emission. Therefore, this study focuses on the characteristics and performance of bamboo-activated carbons in the adsorption of motorcycle flue gases. This was carried out using different grain sizes (z) of activated carbons AC-M1, AC-M2, and AC-M3 for grain sizes of z≤250, 250<z≤420, and 420<z≤590 microns, respectively, which were derived from swat bamboo and carbonized at a temperature of 750 ○C. Furthermore, physical activation was applied by heating the charcoal at the same temperature under a nitrogen flow rate of 150 mL/min nitrogen. The Thermogravimetric (TGA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and adsorption isotherm tests were employed for the characterization of activated carbons. Additionally, the performances of activated carbons for motorcycle flue gas adsorption (CO2, CO, and HC) were carried out by a motorcycle emission test. According to the results, activated carbon AC-M1 produced the best characteristics and performance for adsorption of motorcycle flue gas, as it has a pore volume of 0.135 cm3/g, a specific surface area of 244.69 m2/g, and a nitrogen adsorption capacity of 87.047 cm3/g. These characteristics prove to have good adsorption efficiencies at 100 %, 87.30 %, and 100 % for adsorption of CO2, CO, and HC, respectively

Characteristics and performance analysis of activated carbons derived from different precursors and activators for waste water adsorption

Domestic waste such as methylene blue from the dyeing process and detergent from laundry activities are sources of water pollution. Before being dumped into the water, this waste must be minimized. One approach that can be utilized is the adsorption method with activated carbon. To generate activated carbon with the properties required for this purpose, an appropriate precursor and manufacturing conditions must be chosen. The objective of this research is to investigate the characteristics and performance of activated carbon derived from various precursors (Petung and Santong bamboos) and activators (Ar, N2, and CO2) for detergent and methylene blue dye adsorption. The difficulty to be solved is determining the best precursor and activator for maximum methyl blue and detergent adsorption. Characterizations included FTIR, XRD, SEM, TGA, and adsorption isotherm testing. The study's findings show that activated carbons have functional groups O-H (hydroxyl), C-H (aldehydes and alkenes), C=C aromatic rings, C-H aromatic groups, and an amorphous structure. The presence of a porous and amorphous structure, as well as the C=C aromatic ring, makes activated carbons capable of absorbing methyl blue and detergent. Santong bamboo-activated carbon activated with argon has the best characteristics and adsorption capability. This activated carbon has a fixed carbon content of 76.34 %, pore volumes of 0.362 cc/g, average pore widths of 1.967 nm, pore surface area of 291.487 m2/g, bimodal pore size distribution, and methylene blue and detergent adsorption capabilities of 19.733 cc/g and 1.689 cc/g, respectively. The results obtained are on a laboratory scale, which necessitates additional research, particularly on how to create reservoirs and regenerate activated carbon simply and affordabl

Development of mesoporous activated carbons derived from brewed coffee waste for CO2 adsorption

The primary cause of rising CO2 concentrations in the atmosphere is the use of fossil fuels in motor vehicles and factory activities in industry. CO2 levels in the atmosphere can be controlled and reduced by using low-carbon energy and capturing and storing CO2. One widely used way for CO2 capture and storage is adsorption method. This method necessitates the use of an adsorbent, one of which is activated carbon. In this study, brewed coffee waste was converted into activated carbons, characterized, and tested for carbon dioxide adsorption. Brewed coffee waste was dehydrated at 105 ºC for an hour before being carbonized at 550 °C and activated at 670, 700, and 730 °C, with a 200-ml/min nitrogen injection during activation. Activated carbons with activation temperatures of 670, 700, and 730 °C were denoted as AC-670, AC-700, and AC-730, respectively. A series of TGA, SEM, and adsorption isotherm tests were used to determine the proximate components, surface morphology, and surface structure of the activated carbons produced. To assess the adsorption capacities of activated carbon on CO2, the gravimetric CO2 adsorption isotherm method was used. According to the findings of the study, increasing activation temperatures cause variable properties in activated carbon. When using an activation temperature of 700 °C, the most appropriate properties of activated carbon can be obtained. It has 425.843 m2/g specific surface area, 0.345 cm3/g pore volume, 3.423 nm pore diameter, 235.628 cm3/g nitrogen adsorption capacity, and 4.183 mmol/g CO2 adsorption performance. This study provided a simple way converting brewed coffee waste into activated carbon with excellent performance for CO2 adsorptio

Simulation of wear and crack initiation in line contact with thermal stresses

EThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo

Simulasi Perubahan Prilaku Regangan Geser Material Rel Pada Perubahan Suhu Permukaan Kontak Akibat Beban Gelinding/Gesek

Repeated wheel load over rail can cause rail material at the contact surface to accumulate severe plasticdeformation. The material fails after accumulating a critical shear strain and produce wear debris and fatigue cracks. Duringrolling/sliding contact between railway rails and wheel, temperature will rais at the contact surface due to frictional heatingand thermal stress will develop. If the generation of heat is high enough the rail material may soften.In this work, a simulation based on ratchetting failure is used to study shear strain behaviour of rail material withfrictional heating in rolling/sliding contact between wheel and railway rail. The simulation results show the materialsoftening and thermal stress increase the rate of shear strain accumulation by ratchetting leading to fail material morequickly

Kekasaran Permukaan Baja Karbon Sedang Akibat Proses Sand-Blasting dengan Variasi Jarak Nosel

Abstrak: Proses sand-blasting merupakan proses yang dilakuan untuk membersihkan dan merubah kekasaran permukaan material. Proses ini umumnya dilakukan sebelum melakukan proses pelapisan permukaan material dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan daya rekat lapisan pada permukaan material yang dilapisi. Pada penelitian ini, proses sand-blasting dilakukan pada baja karbon sedang dengan variasi jarak nosel untuk memperoleh perubahan kekasaran permukaan material. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan perubahan jarak nosel pada proses sand-blasting memberikan pengaruh yang cukup signifikan pada kekasaran permukaan. Kata kunci: sand-blasting, baja karbon sedang, kekasaran permukaan Abstract: Sand-blasting is a process of surfaces treatment to clean and to roughen surface of material. This process is commonly used in preparing the surface before the coating process in order to increase the bond strength of the coating material on the surface of substrate material. In this work, sand-blasting process is conducted to the medium carbon steel with varying nozzle distance to the surface of material. The experiment results show the different nozzle distance causes the change of surface roughness significantly. Keywords: sand-blasting, carbon steel, surface roughnes

Mekanisme Aus Baja Karbon AISI 1065 pada Permukaan Kontak Basah Akibat Beban Kontak Gelinding-Luncur

Dalam proses kontak gelinding-luncur, permukaan kontak yang basah karenaterperangkapnya air di daerah permukaan kontak dapat mengurangi kontak adhesi [Chen etal., Wear 253 (2002)]. Kondisi tersebut mungkin dapat mempengaruhi mekanismekegagalan aus material. Pada penelitian ini, tingkat keausan dan mekanisme aus materialakibat beban gelinding-luncur pada kondisi permukaan kontak basah diinvestigasi. Ujikeausan dilakukan dengan alat uji kontak dua disk dan material uji dipilih adalah baja karbon0.65%C dengan tekanan maksimum 750MPa dan rasio slip-roll 5%. Untuk uji aus padakondisi kontak basah, air diteteskan secara kontinyu pada permukaan kontak disk. Dari hasiluji terlihat dengan adanya air dipermukaan kontak, tingkat keausan yang terjadi mengalamipenurunan yang cukup besar sekitar 50% yaitu dari 6x10-4 ?m/putaran untuk kontak keringmenjadi 3x10-4 ?m/putaran pada kontak basah. Hal ini dapat terjadi mungkin diakibatkanoleh air yang ada dipermukaan kontak mampu membatasi areal kontak antara dua meterialkontak tersebut sehingga menurunkan gesekan yang terjadi dan mengakibatkan keausanmenurun. Pada kontak basah, material yang mengalami regangan geser plastis hanyaterjadi higga kedalaman kurang dari 100 ?m dan pada kontak kering regangan geser plastisdapat terjadi hingga kedalaman sekitar 400 ?m.Kata kunci: Baja karbon, kontak basah, aus In rolling-sliding contact, the wet surface as a result of water trapped in the contact area canreduce adhesion [Chen et al., Wear 253 (2002)]. This condition may influence themechanism of wear on the contact material. In this work, the wear rate and wearmechanism of material on the wet contact surface were investigated. Wear test wasconducted using disc-to-disc contact test and carbon steel (0.65%C) was chosen as the testmaterial with the maximum pressure of 750MPa and slip-roll ratio of 5%. For the wear testwith the wet contact, water was dropped continuously on the contact surface. The resultsshow the wear rate on the material with wet contact was decrease significantly by about 50%i.e., from about 6x10-4 ?m/cycle for the dry contact to about 3x10-4 ?m/cycle for the wetcontact. This may be caused by the water trapped on the contact area reduces the contactadhesion between both the contact materials and causes the friction to decrease, andresulting wear to decrease. For the wet contact, the plastic shear strain on material occurredinto depth less than 100 ?m, and for the dry contact, the plastic shear strain on materialoccurred into depth about 400 ?m..Keywords: Carbon steel, wet contact, wea

Meningkatkan Pendapatan Masyarakat dengan Mesin Pencacah Sampah Plastik

Bali merupakan pintu gerbang pariwisata Indonesia, menjadi sorotan dunia bagaimanamengelola sampah. Reduce, Reuse dan Recycle disingkat 3R atau Mengurangi, MemakaiUlang dan Mendaur Ulang adalah prinsip utama mengelola sampah mulai dari sumbernya,melalui tiga langkah ini akan mampu mengurangi jumlah sampah yang dibuang ke TPA(Tempat Pengolahan Akhir). Pengelolaan sampah yang kurang baik dapat memberikanpengaruh negatif bagi kesehatan, lingkungan, maupun bagi kehidupan sosial ekonomi danbudaya masyarakat. Produksi sampah di TPA Linggasana Karangasem perhari adalah 120m3/hari atau sekitar 18,26 ton/hari, sampah plastik mencapai 22,6 %, yang bisa didaur ulangsekitar 17%. Jadi sampah plastik yang bisa didaur ulang adalah 3,1 ton/hari, ini merupakanpotensi bisnis yang sangat potensial.Masyarakat malas dalam memilah sampah organik dananorganik karena tidak memberikan nilai tambah kepada masyarakat, dilakukan pelatihan danpengenalan mesin pencacah sampah plastik sehingga masyarakat berminat dalam memilahsampah-sampah itu. Sampah plastik itu dijual ke pada kelompok Asri Linggasana ataukelompok Lestari Buana Giri.Kata kunci: sampah plastik, mesin pencacah Bali is Indonesian tourism gateway and become world attention on how to manage waste.Reduce, Reuse and Recycle abbreviated 3R is a major principle of managing the waste fromthe source. Through these three steps will be able to reduce the amount of waste disposed of tolandfill. Poor waste management can have a negative effect on health, the environment, and forsocial, economic and cultural life of the community. Production of waste in the landfillLinggasana Karangasem per day is 120 m3 / day or approximately 18.26 tons / day, reaching22.6% of plastic waste, which can be recycled approximately 17%. So, the plastic waste thatcan be recycled is 3.1 tons / day, this is a highly potential business potential. The society is notinterest in sorting organic and inorganic waste because it does not add value to the community.Training and introduction of plastic waste thrasher is conducted so that people interested insorting out the rubbish. Plastic waste was sold to the group Linggasana Asri or group BuanaLestari Giri.Keywords: plastic waste, thrashe