Kalimat Pengandaian Bahasa Jepang: Kajian Sintaktis Dan Semantis

This study tried to describe the similarities and the differences of Japanese conditional patterns from the perspectives of syntax and semantics. The results reveal that the four Japanese conditional patterns are used in similar variations and constructions, namely (a) S1-KàS2-K; (b) S1-PàS2-K, (c) S1-KàS2-P, and S1-PàS2-K. Other equations and differences expose several facts. (1) The patterns of V-TO and V-BA are used to declare a general conditional. (2) The patterns of V-TARA and V-BA can be followed by an S2 that states events in the past. (3) The pattern of V-NARA can express S1 and S2 events that occur simultaneously. (4) The patterns of V-TARA, V-BA, and V-TO state the order of events of S1 and S2 (S1àS2). (5) The pattern of V-TO declares a sequence of activities S1àS2 without any lag time. (6) The pattern of V-TARA can be used to declare an S1 that has actually happened. (7) The pattern of V-TO cannot be followed by S2 that state imperatives, requests, invitations, intention, desire, prohibition, and advice. (8) all four conditionals can be followed by S2 that states the possibility, prediction, or personal opinion of speakers