Italianismi in polacco nel contesto slavo-occidentale

The presence of italianisms in West Slavic languages forms a fairly complex issue. This phenomenon, due to the various historical and sociolinguistic conditions, can be especially observed in Polish language. Close relations between Italy and Poland have contributed to the interpenetration of their language systems hence moulding of many Italian loanwords in Polish. The article presents general division of italianisms, dividing them into direct and indirect and taking also into consideration a special category of Latin-Italian loanwords. It is rich in examples of italianisms accepted in Polish language, as well as in its regional variations and dialects. What is more, it extensively explains how given Italian words were adjusted to the Polish language system. Furthermore, it was briefly presented how the relations between Italy and Poland developed and how it helped to enrich Polish culture and its links with Western Europe

Italianismi in lituano dovuti al tramite polacco

Italianismi in lituano dovuti al tramite polacc

Sperm DNA adducts impair fertilization during ICSI but not during IVF.

Many studies emphasize the influence of the status of spermatozoal nucleus on fertilization, mainly with regard to DNA fragmentation. This study was undertaken to analyze the influence of DNA adducts content in spermatozoa on fertilization during assisted reproduction. Ovarian hyperstimulation, oocyte retrieval and laboratory work-up in 61 IVF (in vitro fertilization) and 118 ICSI (intracytoplasmic sperm injection) first cycles were performed according to the same protocol. Semen analysis was made according to WHO Manual (1999). DNA adducts assay in spermatozoa was performed by 32Ppostlabeling method. In total 331 fertilizable oocytes were obtained during IVF and 659 during ICSI. Both groups differed significantly by sperm count, motility and morphology but not by the concentration of DNA adducts in spermatozoa (0.0306 +/- 0.0217 in IVF versus 0.0373 +/- 0.0321 in ICSI). The fertilization rate during IVF was significantly influenced by sperm count (p=0.0002) and motility (p=0.0037) but not by DNA adducts concentration (p=0.30528), whereas during ICSI was positively influenced by sperm motility (p=0.04669) and negatively by DNA adducts concentration (p=0.00796). DNA adducts concentration in spermatozoa significantly negatively influences fertilization rate during ICSI, but not during IVF

Italo-polonizmy w języku litewskim

Zapożyczenia leksykalne są wynikiem kontaktów – bezpośrednich lub pośrednich – między narodami, ich kulturami i językami. W niniejszym artykule autor omawia niektóre aspekty przenikania do języka litewskiego elementów słownikowych włoskich (czy łacińsko-włoskich) – ilustrując je licznymi przykładami – za pośrednictwem języka polskiego, w specyficznych, polsko-litewskich warunkach etniczno-politycznych i kulturowo-językowych. Zjawisko to mieści się w tzw. „etymologii wielokrotnej”, która jest owocem – działającego przez „wpływ językowy na odległość” – „łańcuchowego przekazywania” zapożyczeń dalszym językom. W tej sytuacji można mówić o przenikaniu do języka litewskiego „latino/italo-polonizmów”.Lexical borrowings are a consequence of direct and indirect contacts between nations, their cultures and languages. In this article, the author discusses some aspects of spread of Italian (or Latin-Italian) lexical items to Lithuanian language via Polish language which took place in the specific ethno- -political and cultural-linguistic reality of Poland and Lithuania. This phenomenon is a part of the so- -called “multiple etymology,” deriving from “chain transfer” of borrowings to other languages based on a “linguistic influence over distance.” As a result, one can speak of spread of words of Latin/Italian origin that entered Lithuanian via Polish