Managing uncertainty during unemployment : a phenomenological exploration of social class differences

This research address a relevant and important problem, unemployment. After 2008 unemployment steadily increased leaving many people out of work and causing concern for others. This study attempts to understand how people from different types of work experience unemployment. The data was gathered through interviews with 31 people who were experiencing unemployment. To assist in understanding their experiences, each participant provided pictures of anything they thought symbolized their unemployment experience. People commonly took pictures of their cars, empty wallets, and closed doors or hallways. Findings from this study suggest that participants anticipated being able to find a new job. However, participants described experiencing uncertainty after multiple failed attempts to find work. Additionally, social class positioning exposed text (white-collar) workers to valuable job search related resources; whereas body workers (laborers) struggled to manage the job search and meet their basic needs such as food and shelter. Lastly, both text and body workers described feeling stigmatized by their unemployment status and chose to withdraw from interactions with others to avoid feeling stigmatized. As a result of these findings, practitioners are encouraged to help laborers translate their physical work experiences into written text that is useful in the job search process. Practitioners can also help text and body workers develop strategies for managing the unemployment stigma that does not hinder their ability to find a new job

Tilted guides with friction in web conveyance systems

One challenge in designing web conveyance systems is controlling the displacement and vibration of the webs by guides without introducing instabilities or higher frequency disturbances from flange impacts. A solution to this problem is to use an actively or passively tilted guide or roller to steer the web. In this paper, a model of tilted guides with friction is developed, and it is shown that tilted guides produce a change in the web’s displacement, slope, bending moment, and shear force. When the web is conceptually unwrapped from its path, the normal force between the web and a tilted guide has a component that acts in the direction of the web’s lateral displacement, resulting in an equivalent force and bending moment acting on the web. The model is validated by measurements, and is compared to a previously existing model of guide tilt. In the configurations studied, the displacement of the web near the guide is linearly dependent on the tilt angle and tension and it increases exponentially with the web’s span length. When the guide’s tilt is oriented towards the center of the web’s wrap around the guide, the equivalent bending moment is zero in the absence of friction, and there is good agreement between the model developed in this paper and the previously existing model. However, when the center of the web’s wrap is oriented 90° away from the guide’s tilt orientation, the equivalent force is zero in the absence of friction, and measurements demonstrate the necessity of the equivalent bending moment

Consideration of Technology Transfer in Tenure and Promotion

Universities face increasing expectations from both the public and elected officials to contribute to the economic development of their respective states, geographical regions, and the country. Technology transfer activities have proven to be a key way to meet these new imperatives. Despite the university’s expanded mission and the growing role of tech transfer, the academic community has yet to produce a consistent framework for evaluating faculty activities in technology transfer and their societal benefits. In response to this situation, the authors, working as the APLU Task Force on Tenure, Promotion, and Technology Transfer, surveyed US and Canadian universities to ascertain current approaches for defining technology transfer activities and recognizing them in assessing faculty performance. Building on the results of that survey, the authors offered the following five recommendations: 1) university policy statements should acknowledge the merit of technology transfer as part of the university’s work, while including safeguards against conflicts of interest or commitment; 2) technology transfer activities should be explicitly included among the criteria relevant for promotion and tenure at the university, college, and department levels, as appropriate to the respective disciplines; 3) technology transfer activities should be an optional component of the review process, one that will be rewarded when present but not seen as a requirement for everyone; 4) recognizing the unique character of technology transfer, the criteria should be flexible enough to encompass high-quality work in many forms of creative expression; and 5) technology transfer activities should be evaluated for intellectual contribution and expected social benefit consistent with the accepted process of peer review and without reliance on artificial metrics

An Investigation Into Using Magnetically Attached Piezoelectric Elements for Vibration Control

A novel vibration control method utilizing magnetically mounted piezoelectric elements is described. Piezoelectric elements are bonded to permanent magnets, termed here as control mounts, which are attached to the surface of a steel beam through their magnetic attraction. The magnetic-piezoelectric control mounts are an alternative to traditional epoxy attachment methods for piezoelectric elements which allows for easy in-the-field reconfiguration. In model and laboratory measurements, the beam is driven through base excitation and the resonant shunt technique is utilized to demonstrate the attenuation characteristics of two magnetic-piezoelectric control mounts. The coupled system is discretized using a Galerkin finite element model that incorporates the tangential and vertical contact stiffnesses of the beam-magnet interface. The vibration reduction provided by the control mounts using a single magnet are compared to those designed with a magnetic array that alternates the magnetic dipoles along the length of the mount. Even though each design uses the same magnet thickness, the alternating magnetic configuration\u27s interfacial contact stiffness is over 1.5 and 4 times larger in the tangential and vertical directions, respectively, than that of the single magnet, resulting in increased vibration reduction. Measured and simulated results show that the magnetic-piezoelectric control mounts reduced the beam\u27s tip velocity by as much as 3.0 dB and 3.1 dB, respectively. The design tradeoffs that occur when replacing the traditional epoxy layer with a magnet are also presented along with some methods that could improve the vibration reduction performance of the control mounts. This analysis shows that the control mounts attenuate significant vibration despite having an imperfect bond with the beam, thus providing a viable and adaptable alternative to traditional piezoelectric attachment methods

Management Research that Makes a Difference:Broadening the Meaning of Impact

The world is undergoing dramatic transformations. Many of the grand societal challenges we currently face underscore the need for scholarly research – including management studies – that can help us best sort out and solve them. Yet, management scholars struggle to produce concrete solutions or to communicate how their research can help to tackle these grand societal challenges. With this editorial, we want to help scholars seeking to ‘make a difference’ by broadening our understanding of what constitutes impactful research. We examine five forms of impact – scholarly, practical, societal, policy, and educational – outlining how scholars can systematically extend or enlarge their research agenda or projects to amplify their impact on the challenges societies face. We suggest that each of these forms of impact has intrinsic value in advancing the scientific enterprise and, together, can help to address key societal problems that reach beyond the immediate and traditional context of business management. With concrete suggestions for getting started on these forms of impact, and possible outputs for each, we hope to stimulate management and organization scholars to think more broadly about the opportunities for making an impact with their research and to begin doing so more often

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery

Mitochondrial physiology

As the knowledge base and importance of mitochondrial physiology to evolution, health and disease expands, the necessity for harmonizing the terminology concerning mitochondrial respiratory states and rates has become increasingly apparent. The chemiosmotic theory establishes the mechanism of energy transformation and coupling in oxidative phosphorylation. The unifying concept of the protonmotive force provides the framework for developing a consistent theoretical foundation of mitochondrial physiology and bioenergetics. We follow the latest SI guidelines and those of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) on terminology in physical chemistry, extended by considerations of open systems and thermodynamics of irreversible processes. The concept-driven constructive terminology incorporates the meaning of each quantity and aligns concepts and symbols with the nomenclature of classical bioenergetics. We endeavour to provide a balanced view of mitochondrial respiratory control and a critical discussion on reporting data of mitochondrial respiration in terms of metabolic flows and fluxes. Uniform standards for evaluation of respiratory states and rates will ultimately contribute to reproducibility between laboratories and thus support the development of data repositories of mitochondrial respiratory function in species, tissues, and cells. Clarity of concept and consistency of nomenclature facilitate effective transdisciplinary communication, education, and ultimately further discovery