455 research outputs found
Auxiliary Learning for Self-Supervised Video Representation via Similarity-based Knowledge Distillation
Despite the outstanding success of self-supervised pretraining methods for
video representation learning, they generalise poorly when the unlabeled
dataset for pretraining is small or the domain difference between unlabelled
data in source task (pretraining) and labeled data in target task (finetuning)
is significant. To mitigate these issues, we propose a novel approach to
complement self-supervised pretraining via an auxiliary pretraining phase,
based on knowledge similarity distillation, auxSKD, for better generalisation
with a significantly smaller amount of video data, e.g. Kinetics-100 rather
than Kinetics-400. Our method deploys a teacher network that iteratively
distills its knowledge to the student model by capturing the similarity
information between segments of unlabelled video data. The student model
meanwhile solves a pretext task by exploiting this prior knowledge. We also
introduce a novel pretext task, Video Segment Pace Prediction or VSPP, which
requires our model to predict the playback speed of a randomly selected segment
of the input video to provide more reliable self-supervised representations.
Our experimental results show superior results to the state of the art on both
UCF101 and HMDB51 datasets when pretraining on K100 in apple-to-apple
comparisons. Additionally, we show that our auxiliary pretraining, auxSKD, when
added as an extra pretraining phase to recent state of the art self-supervised
methods (i.e. VCOP, VideoPace, and RSPNet), improves their results on UCF101
and HMDB51. Our code is available at https://github.com/Plrbear/auxSKD
PECoP: Parameter Efficient Continual Pretraining for Action Quality Assessment
The limited availability of labelled data in Action Quality Assessment (AQA),
has forced previous works to fine-tune their models pretrained on large-scale
domain-general datasets. This common approach results in weak generalisation,
particularly when there is a significant domain shift. We propose a novel,
parameter efficient, continual pretraining framework, PECoP, to reduce such
domain shift via an additional pretraining stage. In PECoP, we introduce
3D-Adapters, inserted into the pretrained model, to learn spatiotemporal,
in-domain information via self-supervised learning where only the adapter
modules' parameters are updated. We demonstrate PECoP's ability to enhance the
performance of recent state-of-the-art methods (MUSDL, CoRe, and TSA) applied
to AQA, leading to considerable improvements on benchmark datasets, JIGSAWS
(), MTL-AQA (), and FineDiving
(). We also present a new Parkinson's Disease dataset, PD4T, of
real patients performing four various actions, where we surpass
() the state-of-the-art in comparison. Our code, pretrained
models, and the PD4T dataset are available at https://github.com/Plrbear/PECoP.Comment: Accepted to WACV 2024 (preprint
Practically Defined <i>Off</i>-State Dyskinesia Following Repeated Intraputamenal Glial Cell LineāDerived Neurotrophic Factor Administration
Multimodal Indoor Localisation for Measuring Mobility in Parkinson's Disease using Transformers
17 pages, 1 figure, 3 tablesPreprin
Multimodal Indoor Localisation in Parkinson's Disease for Detecting Medication Use: Observational Pilot Study in a Free-Living Setting
Publisher PD
Comparison of Test Your Memory and Montreal Cognitive Assessment Measures in Parkinsonās Disease
Background. MoCA is widely used in Parkinsonās disease (PD) to assess cognition. The Test Your Memory (TYM) test is a cognitive screening tool that is self-administered. Objectives. We sought to determine (a) the optimal value of TYM to discriminate between PD patients with and without cognitive deficits on MoCA testing, (b) equivalent MoCA and TYM scores, and (c) interrater reliability in TYM testing. Methods. We assessed the discriminant ability of TYM and the equivalence between TYM and MoCA scores and measured the interrater reliability between three raters. Results. Of the 135 subjects that completed both tests, 55% had cognitive impairment according to MoCA. A MoCA score of 25 was equivalent to a TYM score of 43-44. The area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve for TYM to differentiate between PD-normal and PD-cognitive impairment was 0.82 (95% CI 0.75 to 0.89). The optimal cutoff to distinguish PD-cognitive impairment from PD-normal was ā¤45 (sensitivity 90.5%, specificity 59%) thereby correctly classifying 76.3% of patients with PD-cognitive impairment. Interrater agreement was high (0.97) and TYM was completed in under 7 minutes (interquartile range 5.33 to 8.52 minutes). Conclusions. The TYM test is a useful and less resource intensive screening test for cognitive deficits in PD
Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's Disease with Early Motor Complications: A UK Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
This is the final version of the article. Available from Public Library of Science via the DOI in this record.BACKGROUND: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a debilitating illness associated with considerable impairment of quality of life and substantial costs to health care systems. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established surgical treatment option for some patients with advanced PD. The EARLYSTIM trial has recently demonstrated its clinical benefit also in patients with early motor complications. We sought to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of DBS, compared to best medical therapy (BMT), among PD patients with early onset of motor complications, from a United Kingdom (UK) payer perspective. METHODS: We developed a Markov model to represent the progression of PD as rated using the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) over time in patients with early PD. Evidence sources were a systematic review of clinical evidence; data from the EARLYSTIM study; and a UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) dataset including DBS patients. A mapping algorithm was developed to generate utility values based on UPDRS data for each intervention. The cost-effectiveness was expressed as the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY). One-way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were undertaken to explore the effect of parameter uncertainty. RESULTS: Over a 15-year time horizon, DBS was predicted to lead to additional mean cost per patient of Ā£26,799 compared with BMT (Ā£73,077/patient versus Ā£46,278/patient) and an additional mean 1.35 QALYs (6.69 QALYs versus 5.35 QALYs), resulting in an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of Ā£19,887 per QALY gained with a 99% probability of DBS being cost-effective at a threshold of Ā£30,000/QALY. One-way sensitivity analyses suggested that the results were not significantly impacted by plausible changes in the input parameter values. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that DBS is a cost-effective intervention in PD patients with early motor complications when compared with existing interventions, offering additional health benefits at acceptable incremental cost. This supports the extended use of DBS among patients with early onset of motor complications.Funding: Medtronic funded the development of the model, including consulting fees to physicians and health economic specialists, sponsored a medical writer and reviewed the manuscript. The funders provided input on the study design, decision to publish, and preparation of the manuscript. HTA Consulting provided support in the form of salaries for authors [TF], and staff resources to support evidence review and synthesis. They did not have any additional role in the study design and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The specific roles of these authors are articulated in the āauthor contributionsā section
A Time Series Approach to Parkinson's Disease Classification from EEG
Firstly, we present a novel representation for EEG data, a 7-variate series
of band power coefficients, which enables the use of (previously inaccessible)
time series classification methods. Specifically, we implement the
multi-resolution representation-based time series classification method MrSQL.
This is deployed on a challenging early-stage Parkinson's dataset that includes
wakeful and sleep EEG. Initial results are promising with over 90% accuracy
achieved on all EEG data types used. Secondly, we present a framework that
enables high-importance data types and brain regions for classification to be
identified. Using our framework, we find that, across different EEG data types,
it is the Prefrontal brain region that has the most predictive power for the
presence of Parkinson's Disease. This outperformance was statistically
significant versus ten of the twelve other brain regions (not significant
versus adjacent Left Frontal and Right Frontal regions). The Prefrontal region
of the brain is important for higher-order cognitive processes and our results
align with studies that have shown neural dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex
in Parkinson's Disease
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