Incubation Energetics of the Laysan Albatross

The energy expenditure of incubating and foraging Laysan Albatross (Diomedea immutabilis, mean body weight 3.07 kg) was estimated by means of the doubly-la- belled water technique. During incubation, the energy expenditure was similar to that of resting birds that were not incubating an egg. The energy expenditure of foraging albatross (2072 kJ/day) was 2.6 times that of resting birds. It was concluded that the energy expenditure of the tropical Laysan Albatross was not less than that of species foraging over cold, high-latitude oceans. An energy budget compiled for an incubating pair of albatross revealed that the energy expenditure of the female was greater than that of the male bird, during the incubation perio

Development of thermoregulation in Hawaiian brown noddies (Anous stolidus pileatus)

1. 1.|Oxygen consumption () and body temperture (Tb) of Hawaiian brown noddies (Anous stolidus pileatus [Aves: Laridae]) during late incubation and in the first 24 h after hatching were measured at ambient temperatures (Ta) between 28 and 38[deg]C and between 15 and 43[deg]C, respectively. Evaporative cooling by hatchings at Ta of 36-43[deg]C was also measured.2. 2.|Throughout the late incubation stages studied, and Tb both varied directly with Ta in an ectothermic pattern.3. 3.|The hatchlings successfully regulated Tb at Ta between ca. 29 and 43[deg]C.4. 4.|The functional basis of the abrupt increase in thermoregulatory capacity with hatching is discussed.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/29056/1/0000089.pd

Metabolic Rate of Laysan Albatross and Bonin Petrel Chicks on Midway Atoll

The resting metabolic rates of Laysan albatross and Bonin petrel chicks of known age were measured on Midway Atoll in the North Pacific Ocean. The mass-specific metabolism peaked at hatching and then declined to adult levels in Laysan albatross nestlings. The mass specific metabolism of hatchling Bonin petrels was similar to that of adults, but it tripled shortly after hatching. Fasting and feeding episodes affected day-to-day changes in petrel chick metabolism

Bibliography of the Hawaiian Monk Seal, Monachus Schauinslandi Matschie 1905

There is considerable interest in the Hawaiian monk seal at present due to its restricted range and recent designation as an "endangered species" under provisions of the U. S. Endangered Species Act of 1973. The following comprehensive list of references has therefore been assembled for the benefit of anyone seeking information on this rare, endemic marine mammal. All material known to us as of February 10, 1978, which deals either exclusively or in part with Monachus schauinslandi, has been included. A special feature of the bibliography is the incorporation of references to articles from the Honolulu newspapers and to unpublished reports, which we were in a strategic position to locate

Organ Growth and Oxygen Consumption in Laysan Albatross Embryos

Volume: 105Start Page: 657End Page: 66

Oxygen consumption, evaporative water loss and body temperature in the Sooty Tern, Sterna fuscata

Reports were scanned in black and white at a resolution of 600 dots per inch and were converted to text using Adobe Paper Capture Plug-in.1.The oxygen consumption, total evaporative water loss, and deep-body temperature of Sooty Terns were measured at air temperatures within the range 10°C - 45°C. 2. At air temperatures from 10°C to 30°C, the cloacal temperatures were relatively constant, the temperature of the fledglings tending to exceed that of the adults. At air temperatures of 35°C and higher, the birds became hyperthermic. 3. The thennoneutral temperature was approximately 30°C. The heat production of the terns was lower than the predicted value for non-passerine birds of their weight. 4 . Thermal polynea was observed at the higher air temperatures, but at an air temperature of 44°C - 45°C, only one bird was able to dissipate heat in excess of heat production, by evaporative cooling. 5. The calculated thermal conductance was constant at air temperatures of 10-30°C, but the conductance increased at higher temperatures. 6. It was concluded that Sooty Terns are not especially proficient at evaporative cooling, in spite of the thermal demands of their tropical environment. They appear to rely also on a rather low level of heat production, air movement and behavioral mechanisms of temperature regulation.Supported by NSF Grant GB-23230 and GB 29287X Island Ecosystems IRP/IBP Hawaii, and from the Primo Foundatio

Food and Energetic Requirements of Seabirds at French Frigate Shoals, Hawaii

A time-and-energy model for the energetic requirements of 18 species of seabirds at French Frigate Shoals in the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) is presented. Estimates of the energy needs for producing eggs and chicks, and the time-and-energy budgets of breeding and non-breeding adults are used to valuate consumptive rates of various prey species. The caloric density of prey species and the caloric contribution to the diet of each seabird is analyzed. A conservative estimate for the total annual energetic requirements of more than 500,000 seabirds breeding and/or residing at French Frigate Shoals exceeds 7,700 kcal x 10 6. This energetic demand is met by a consumption of more than 6,000 metric tons of various food items