12,651 research outputs found
The Skylab concentrated atmospheric radiation project
The author has identified the following significant results. Comparison of several existing infrared radiative transfer models under somewhat controlled conditions and with atmospheric observations of Skylab's S191 and S192 radiometers illustrated that the models tend to over-compute atmospheric attenuation in the window region of the atmospheric infrared spectra
Two Avenues to Self-Interaction Correction within Kohn-Sham Theory: Unitary Invariance is the Shortcut
The most widely-used density functionals for the exchange-correlation energy
are inexact for one-electron systems. Their self-interaction errors can be
severe in some applications. The problem is not only to correct the
self-interaction error, but to do so in a way that will not violate
size-consistency and will not go outside the standard Kohn-Sham density
functional theory. The solution via the optimized effective potential (OEP)
method will be discussed, first for the Perdew-Zunger self-interaction
correction (whose performance for molecules is briefly summarized) and then for
the more modern self-interaction corrections based upon unitarily-invariant
indicators of iso-orbital regions. For the latter approaches, the OEP
construction is greatly simplified. The kinetic-energy-based iso-orbital
indicator \tau^W_\sigma(\re)/\tau_\sigma(\re) will be discussed and plotted,
along with an alternative exchange-based indicator
Atomic level micromagnetic model of recording media switching at elevated temperatures
An atomic level micromagnetic model of granular recording media is developed
and applied to examine external field-induced grain switching at elevated
temperatures which captures non-uniform reversal modes. The results are
compared with traditional methods which employ the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert
equations based on uniformly magnetized grains with assigned intrinsic
temperature profiles for and . Using nominal parameters
corresponding to high-anisotropy FePt-type media envisioned for Energy Assisted
Magnetic Recording, our results demonstrate that atomic-level reversal slightly
reduces the field required to switch grains at elevated temperatures, but
results in larger fluctuations, when compared to a uniformly magnetized grain
model.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure
Micromagnetic simulations of sweep-rate dependent coercivity in perpendicular recording media
The results of micromagnetic simulations are presented which examine the
impact of thermal fluctuations on sweep rate dependent coercivities of both
single-layer and exchange-coupled-composite (ECC) perpendicular magnetic
recording media. M-H loops are calculated at four temperatures and sweep rates
spanning five decades with fields applied normal to the plane and at 45
degrees. The impact of interactions between grains is evaluated. The results
indicate a significantly weaker sweep-rate dependence for ECC media suggesting
more robustness to long-term thermal effects. Fitting the modeled results to
Sharrock-like scaling proposed by Feng and Visscher [J. Appl. Phys. 95, 7043
(2004)] is successful only in the case of single-layer media with the field
normal to the plane.Comment: 7 pages, 14 figure
First observation of Bs0 â D*s2+XÎŒ-Îœ decays
Using data collected with the LHCb detector in protonâproton collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV, the semileptonic decays B0sâD+sXÎŒâÎœ and B0sâD0K+XÎŒâÎœ are detected. Two structures are observed in the D0K+ mass spectrum at masses consistent with the known Ds1(2536)+ and Dâs22573)+ mesons. The measured branching fractions relative to the total B0s semileptonic rate are B(B0sâDâ+s2XÎŒâÎœ)/B(B0sâXÎŒâÎœ) = (3.3±1.0±0.4)%, and B(B0sâD+s1XÎŒâÎœ)/B(B0sâXÎŒâÎœ) = (5.4±1.2±0.5)%, where the ïŹrst uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This is the ïŹrst observation of the Dâ+s2 state in B0s decays; we also measure its mass and width
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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in residential dust: sources of variability.
BackgroundThere is interest in using residential dust to estimate human exposure to environmental contaminants.ObjectivesWe aimed to characterize the sources of variability for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in residential dust and provide guidance for investigators who plan to use residential dust to assess exposure to PAHs.MethodsWe collected repeat dust samples from 293 households in the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study during two sampling rounds (from 2001 through 2007 and during 2010) using household vacuum cleaners, and measured 12 PAHs using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. We used a random- and a mixed-effects model for each PAH to apportion observed variance into four components and to identify sources of variability.ResultsMedian concentrations for individual PAHs ranged from 10 to 190 ng/g of dust. For each PAH, total variance was apportioned into regional variability (1-9%), intraregional between-household variability (24-48%), within-household variability over time (41-57%), and within-sample analytical variability (2-33%). Regional differences in PAH dust levels were associated with estimated ambient air concentrations of PAH. Intraregional differences between households were associated with the residential construction date and the smoking habits of residents. For some PAHs, a decreasing time trend explained a modest fraction of the within-household variability; however, most of the within-household variability was unaccounted for by our mixed-effects models. Within-household differences between sampling rounds were largest when the interval between dust sample collections was at least 6 years in duration.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that it may be feasible to use residential dust for retrospective assessment of PAH exposures in studies of health effects
Micromagnetic simulations of interacting dipoles on a fcc lattice: Application to nanoparticle assemblies
Micromagnetic simulations are used to examine the effects of cubic and axial
anisotropy, magnetostatic interactions and temperature on M-H loops for a
collection of magnetic dipoles on fcc and sc lattices. We employ a simple model
of interacting dipoles that represent single-domain particles in an attempt to
explain recent experimental data on ordered arrays of magnetoferritin
nanoparticles that demonstrate the crucial role of interactions between
particles in a fcc lattice. Significant agreement between the simulation and
experimental results is achieved, and the impact of intra-particle degrees of
freedom and surface effects on thermal fluctuations are investigated.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figure
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