Evaluating Lossy Collections for Java Applications

We propose to remove live objects from near-full heaps to reduce memory pressure. We modify Java Collections to enable lossy behavior. Some DaCapo benchmarks tolerate an amount of live data loss

Bankruptcy and Small Firms' Access to Credit

In this paper, we investigate how personal bankruptcy law affects small firms' access to credit. When a firm is unincorporated, its debts are personal liabilities of the firm's owner, so that lending to the firm is legally equivalent to lending to its owner. If the firm fails, the owner has an incentive to file for personal bankruptcy, since the firm's debts will be discharged and the owner is only obliged to use assets above an exemption level to repay creditors. The higher the exemption level, the greater is the incentive to file for bankruptcy. We show that supply of credit falls and demand for credit rises when non-corporate firms are located in states with higher bankruptcy exemptions. We test the model and find that, if small firms are located in states with unlimited rather than low homestead exemptions, they are more likely to be denied credit, they receive smaller loans and interest rates are higher. Results for non-corporate versus corporate firms suggest that lenders often disregard small firms' organizational status in making loan decisions.

Legal Economics and the Canadian Accredited Investor Standard: Efficiency as a Proxy for Change

This paper takes a legal-economic approach in assessing the current accredited investor standard that exists as part of Canada’s securities laws. An accredited investor is often characterized as an individual that, due to his or her wealth, may participate in certain investment opportunities that would otherwise not be available. Canada’s National Instrument 45-106 views accredited investors as those with a unique ability to understand financial markets, and due to this level of understanding, the typical disclosure protections afforded to the public—mainly, the prospectus—are not necessary to these individuals. A legal-economic approach to the accredited investor standard looks at the system as constant balance between the benefits enjoyed by those in a position to benefit most from the law as constructed, versus those that are harmed by it. The efficient construction of a law is one that benefits everyone and harms no one. While this is entirely unrealistic to achieve in contemporary society, the goal of any regime should be to come as close to realizing the efficient system as possible—greatest benefits to least amount of harms. This analysis begins by examining the history of the law and its underlying purpose in order to theorize a perfectly efficient ‘ideal system’. How does Canada’s system compare? The analysis takes issue with the current structure of the law, noting that the benefits-to-harms ratio may not be as efficient as is feasible. A better regulatory approach would consider placing less emphasis on wealth as the sole proxy for accreditation. The analysis ends with a list of proposed amendments aimed at increasing the benefits of the system, while decreasing harms as a push toward a more efficient Canadian securities law regime

Mock galaxy catalogs using the quick particle mesh method

Sophisticated analysis of modern large-scale structure surveys requires mock catalogs. Mock catalogs are used to optimize survey design, test reduction and analysis pipelines, make theoretical predictions for basic observables and propagate errors through complex analysis chains. We present a new method, which we call "quick particle mesh", for generating many large-volume, approximate mock catalogs at low computational cost. The method is based on using rapid, low-resolution particle mesh simulations that accurately reproduce the large-scale dark matter density field. Particles are sampled from the density field based on their local density such that they have N-point statistics nearly equivalent to the halos resolved in high-resolution simulations, creating a set of mock halos that can be populated using halo occupation methods to create galaxy mocks for a variety of possible target classes.Comment: 13 pages, 16 figures. Matches version accepted by MNRAS. Code available at http://github.com/mockFactor

Summer Burrows of Ord\u27s Kangaroo Rats (Dipodomys Ordii) in Western Nebraska: Food Content and Structure

Extent of larder hoarding differs among species of kangaroo rats, and limited information is available for food stored in burrows by Ord\u27s kangaroo rat (Dipodomys ordii)—the most widespread species of Dipodomys. I excavated 9 burrows recently used by adult D. ordii during summer in the Sandhill Region of Nebraska. I observed only small quantities of food stored in burrows. Eight of 9 burrows contained segments of sand dropseed (Sporobolus cryptandrus) in limited quantities. These segments consisted of upper leaves with fruits (containing seeds) housed in sheaths. My observations represent the first documentation of D. ordii storing food in burrows under natural conditions. Compared to the burrows of other species of kangaroo rat, burrows of D. ordii were simple in structure with 1 main tunnel and 1–3 entrances. In summer, Ord\u27s kangaroo rats commonly harvest seeds from plants in the Sandhill Region of Nebraska, but individuals apparently do not store large quantities of food in burrows, which suggests they store food in scatter hoards during this season

デジタルゲームマインクラフトを通した言語学習：日本人EFL学習者を対象とした混合研究

京都大学新制・課程博士博士(人間・環境学)甲第24687号人博第1060号新制||人||248(附属図書館)2022||人博||1060(吉田南総合図書館)京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻(主査)准教授 PETERSON Mark, 准教授 中森 誉之, 教授 勝又 直也, 准教授 Mills Daniel James学位規則第4条第1項該当Doctor of Human and Environmental StudiesKyoto UniversityDFA

On Designing of a Low Leakage Patient-Centric Provider Network

When a patient in a provider network seeks services outside of their community, the community experiences a leakage. Leakage is undesirable as it typically leads to higher out-of-network cost for patient and increases barrier for care coordination, which is particularly problematic for Accountable Care Organization (ACO) as the in-network providers are financially responsible for patient quality and outcome. We aim to design a data-driven method to identify naturally occurring provider networks driven by diabetic patient choices, and understand the relationship among provider composition, patient composition, and service leakage pattern. We construct a healthcare provider network based on patients' historical medical insurance claims. A community detection algorithm is used to identify naturally occurring communities of collaborating providers. Finally, import-export analysis is conducted to benchmark their leakage pattern and identify further leakage reduction opportunity. The design yields six major provider communities with diverse profiles. Some communities are geographically concentrated, while others tend to draw patients with certain diabetic co-morbidities. Providers from the same healthcare institution are likely to be assigned to the same community. While most communities have high within-community utilization and spending, at 85% and 86% respectively, leakage still persists. Hence, we utilize a metric from import-export analysis to detect leakage, gaining insight on how to minimizing leakage. In conclusion, we identify patient-driven provider organization by surfacing providers who share a large number of patients. By analyzing the import-export behavior of each identified community using a novel approach and profiling community patient and provider composition we understand the key features of having a balanced number of PCP and specialists and provider heterogeneity

Essay: Can Human Rights Practice Be a Critical Project - A View from the Ground

Critics have condemned human rights advocacy as being a deeply problematic solution to the sub-subsistence poverty that plagues the post-colonial Global South. This Essay discusses the efforts of four economic and social rights advocates working in Africa. Each succeeded by working within, but unconfined by, the approaches of the traditional human rights advocacy framework. The innovative strategies the advocates deployed may promote progressive institutional innovation in the provision of social welfare benefits. Still, single instances of innovation may not have an enduring impact on either extreme poverty or global inequality, the problems facing the Global South