56 research outputs found
Emotion recognition and processing style in children with an intellectual disability
Research aims: People with an intellectual disability generally have poorer emotion recognition than their typically developing peers, but there is limited research on how processing style might influence this. Our study aimed to explore this.
Methods: Children with (n = 45) and without (n = 57) an intellectual disability completed an emotion recognition naming task and a processing style task. A path mediation model was used to evaluate whether having an intellectual disability predicted poorer emotion recognition and whether this was mediated by a more local processing style.
Results: We found that, while children with an intellectual disability were significantly less accurate at emotion recognition, having a local processing preference was not a significant factor in this.
Conclusion: The results of the present study may be helpful for nurses who are involved in developing, delivering and evaluating interventions to improve the emotion recognition of people with an intellectual disability
X-Ray Studies of the Abell 3158 Galaxy Cluster with eROSITA
The most nearby clusters are the best places to study physical and enrichment
effects in the faint cluster outskirts. A3158 located at z=0.059 is quite
extended with a characteristic radius r=23.95 arcmin. In 2019, A3158
was observed as a calibration target in a pointed observation with the eROSITA
telescope onboard the SRG mission.
We determined 1d temperature, abundance and normalisation profiles from
eROSITA and XMM-Newton and Chandra data as well as 2d maps of temperature
distribution from eROSITA data. The velocity dispersion was determined and the
cluster mass was calculated.
The overall temperature was measured to be 4.725 0.035 keV. The profiles
of eROSITA all agree on a ~10% level with those determined with XMM-Newton and
Chandra data. From the temperature map we see that the cluster lacks a cool
core, as noted before. The presence of a previously detected off-centre cool
clump West of the central cluster region is observed. Furthermore there is a
bow shaped edge near the location of the cool gas clump West of the cluster
centre. An extension of gas is detected for the first time further out in the
West. The velocity dispersion of the cluster was measured to be 105841 km
s. The total mass was determined as =1.38 0.25x10
. The mass estimate from the M-T relation is significantly lower at
M=5.09 0.59x10. An extended X-ray source located
South of the cluster also coincides with a galaxy overdensity with redshifts in
the range 0.05<z<0.07. These are indications that the cluster may be undergoing
merger activity. Another extended source located North of the cluster is
detected in X-rays and coincides with an overdensity of galaxies with redshifts
in the range of 0.070<z<0.077. This is likely a background cluster not related
to A3158. Additionally a known SPT cluster at z=0.53 was detected.Comment: 14 pages, 17 figures in the main text, and 3 figures in the appendix.
Accepted by A&A for the Special Issue: The Early Data Release of eROSITA and
Mikhail Pavlinsky ART-XC on the SRG Missio
X-ray studies of the Abell 3158 galaxy cluster with eROSITA
Context. The most nearby clusters are the best places for studying physical and enrichment effects in the faint cluster outskirts. The Abell 3158 cluster (A3158), located at z = 0.059, is quite extended with a characteristic radius r = 23.95 arcmin. The metal distribution in the outskirts of this cluster has previously been studied with XMM-Newton. In 2019, A3158 was observed as a calibration target in a pointed observation with the eROSITA telescope on board the Spektrum-Roentgen-Gamma mission. Bright large clusters, such as A3158, are ideal for studying the metal distribution in the cluster outskirts, along with the temperature profile and morphology. With the deeper observation time of the eROSITA telescope, these properties can now be studied in greater detail and at larger radii. Furthermore, bright nearby clusters are ideal X-ray instrumental cross-calibration targets as they cover a large fraction of the detector and do not vary in time.
Aims. We first compare the temperature, metal abundance, and normalisation profiles of the cluster from eROSITA with previous XMM-Newton and Chandra data. Following this calibration work, we investigate the temperature and metallicity of the cluster out to almost r, measure the galaxy velocity dispersion, and determine the cluster mass. Furthermore, we search for infalling clumps and background clusters in the field.
Methods. We determined 1D temperature, abundance, and normalisation profiles from both eROSITA and XMM-Newton data as well as 2D maps of temperature and metal abundance distribution from eROSITA data. The velocity dispersion was determined and the cluster mass was calculated from the massâvelocity dispersion (MâÏ) relation. Galaxy density maps were created to enable a better understanding of the structure of the cluster and the outskirts.
Results. The overall (i.e. in the range 0.2â0.5r) temperature was measured to be 5.158 ± 0.038 keV. The temperature, abundance, and normalisation profiles of eROSITA all agree to within a confidence level of about 10% with those we determined using XMM-Newton and Chandra data, and they are also consistent with the profiles published previously by the X-COP project. The cluster morphology and surface brightness profile of cluster Abell 3158 appear to be regular at a first glance. Clusters that have such profiles typically are relaxed and host cool cores. However, the temperature profile and map show that the cluster lacks a cool core, as was noted before. Instead, an off-centre cool clump lies to the west of the central cluster region, as reported previously. These are indications that the cluster may be undergoing some sloshing and merger activity. Furthermore, there is a bow-shaped edge near the location of the cool gas clump west of the cluster centre. Farther out west of the X-ray images of A3158, an extension of gas is detected. This larger-scale extension is described here for the first time. The gas metallicity (~0.2 solar) measured in the outskirts (»r) is consistent with an early-enrichment scenario. The velocity dispersion of the cluster member galaxies is measured to be 1058 ± 41 kms based on spectroscopic redshifts of 365 cluster member galaxies and the total mass is determined as M,c = 1.38 ± 0.25 Ă 10 Mâ. The mass estimate based on the X-ray temperature is significantly lower at M200 = 6.20 ± 0.75 Ă 10 Mâ, providing further indications that merger activity boosts the velocity dispersion and/or biases the temperature low. An extended X-ray source located south of the field of view also coincides with a galaxy overdensity with spectroscopic redshifts in the range 0.05 < z < 0.07. This source further supports the idea that the cluster is undergoing merger activity. Another extended source located north of the field of view is detected in X-rays and coincides with an overdensity of galaxies with spectroscopic redshifts in the range of 0.070 < z < 0.077. This is likely a background cluster that is not directly related to A3158. Additionally, the known South Pole Telescope cluster SPT-CL J0342-5354 at z = 0. 53 was detected
The Abell 3391/95 galaxy cluster system:A 15 Mpc intergalactic medium emission filament, a warm gas bridge, infalling matter clumps, and (re-) accelerated plasma discovered by combining SRG/eROSITA data with ASKAP/EMU and DECam data
We used dedicated SRG/eROSITA X-ray, ASKAP/EMU radio, and DECam optical
observations of a 15 sq.deg region around the interacting galaxy cluster system
A3391/95 to study the warm-hot gas in cluster outskirts and filaments, the
surrounding large-scale structure and its formation process. We relate the
observations to expectations from cosmological hydrodynamic simulations from
the Magneticum suite.
We trace the irregular morphology of warm-hot gas of the main clusters from
their centers out to well beyond their characteristic radii, . Between
the two main cluster systems, we observe an emission bridge; thanks to
eROSITA's unique soft response and large field of view, we discover tantalizing
hints for warm gas. Several matter clumps physically surrounding the system are
detected. For the "Northern Clump," we provide evidence that it is falling
towards A3391 from the hot gas morphology and radio lobe structure of its
central AGN. Many of the extended sources in the field detected by eROSITA are
known clusters or new clusters in the background, including a known SZ cluster
at redshift z=1. We discover an emission filament north of the virial radius,
, of A3391 connecting to the Northern Clump and extending south of
A3395 towards another galaxy cluster. The total projected length of this
continuous warm-hot emission filament is 15 Mpc, running almost 4 degrees
across the entire eROSITA observation. The DECam galaxy density map shows
galaxy overdensities in the same regions. The new datasets provide impressive
confirmation of the theoretically expected structure formation processes on the
individual system level, including the surrounding warm-hot intergalactic
medium distribution compared to the Magneticum simulation. Our spatially
resolved findings show that baryons indeed reside in large-scale warm-hot gas
filaments with a clumpy structure.Comment: 21 pages plus 16 figures in the main text and 13 pages plus 29
figures as appendix. Astronomy & Astrophysics, accepted on November 3, 2020.
A press release, full resolution images plus additional images and movies are
available at https://astro.uni-bonn.de/~reiprich/A3391_95
Recommended from our members
Effect of Hydrocortisone on Mortality and Organ Support in Patients With Severe COVID-19: The REMAP-CAP COVID-19 Corticosteroid Domain Randomized Clinical Trial.
Importance: Evidence regarding corticosteroid use for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is limited. Objective: To determine whether hydrocortisone improves outcome for patients with severe COVID-19. Design, Setting, and Participants: An ongoing adaptive platform trial testing multiple interventions within multiple therapeutic domains, for example, antiviral agents, corticosteroids, or immunoglobulin. Between March 9 and June 17, 2020, 614 adult patients with suspected or confirmed COVID-19 were enrolled and randomized within at least 1 domain following admission to an intensive care unit (ICU) for respiratory or cardiovascular organ support at 121 sites in 8 countries. Of these, 403 were randomized to open-label interventions within the corticosteroid domain. The domain was halted after results from another trial were released. Follow-up ended August 12, 2020. Interventions: The corticosteroid domain randomized participants to a fixed 7-day course of intravenous hydrocortisone (50 mg or 100 mg every 6 hours) (nâ=â143), a shock-dependent course (50 mg every 6 hours when shock was clinically evident) (nâ=â152), or no hydrocortisone (nâ=â108). Main Outcomes and Measures: The primary end point was organ support-free days (days alive and free of ICU-based respiratory or cardiovascular support) within 21 days, where patients who died were assigned -1 day. The primary analysis was a bayesian cumulative logistic model that included all patients enrolled with severe COVID-19, adjusting for age, sex, site, region, time, assignment to interventions within other domains, and domain and intervention eligibility. Superiority was defined as the posterior probability of an odds ratio greater than 1 (threshold for trial conclusion of superiority >99%). Results: After excluding 19 participants who withdrew consent, there were 384 patients (mean age, 60 years; 29% female) randomized to the fixed-dose (nâ=â137), shock-dependent (nâ=â146), and no (nâ=â101) hydrocortisone groups; 379 (99%) completed the study and were included in the analysis. The mean age for the 3 groups ranged between 59.5 and 60.4 years; most patients were male (range, 70.6%-71.5%); mean body mass index ranged between 29.7 and 30.9; and patients receiving mechanical ventilation ranged between 50.0% and 63.5%. For the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively, the median organ support-free days were 0 (IQR, -1 to 15), 0 (IQR, -1 to 13), and 0 (-1 to 11) days (composed of 30%, 26%, and 33% mortality rates and 11.5, 9.5, and 6 median organ support-free days among survivors). The median adjusted odds ratio and bayesian probability of superiority were 1.43 (95% credible interval, 0.91-2.27) and 93% for fixed-dose hydrocortisone, respectively, and were 1.22 (95% credible interval, 0.76-1.94) and 80% for shock-dependent hydrocortisone compared with no hydrocortisone. Serious adverse events were reported in 4 (3%), 5 (3%), and 1 (1%) patients in the fixed-dose, shock-dependent, and no hydrocortisone groups, respectively. Conclusions and Relevance: Among patients with severe COVID-19, treatment with a 7-day fixed-dose course of hydrocortisone or shock-dependent dosing of hydrocortisone, compared with no hydrocortisone, resulted in 93% and 80% probabilities of superiority with regard to the odds of improvement in organ support-free days within 21 days. However, the trial was stopped early and no treatment strategy met prespecified criteria for statistical superiority, precluding definitive conclusions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02735707
Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic
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