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The Statistical Relationship between the Elderly Population and Allocation of Welfare Facilities in Seoul, South Korea
Population of the senior citizens are increasing rapidly in many parts of the world. South Korea is one of the countries which are rapidly getting into aged society. In this situation, it is important to provide an age-friendly environment to increasing senior population. In South Korea, age-friendly environment can be provided by elderly welfare facilities. Therefore, this study focused on what effects the most for the allocation of the elderly welfare facility and defines whether if they are evenly allocated or not. Twenty-five districts of Seoul was analyzed with correlation analysis and found statistically significant results for medical, leisure, and ambulatory welfare facilities. Dissimilarity index showed about 9 % of the elderly welfare facilities were not evenly distributed. The population of the elderly is projected to increase in the future and to achieve aged-friendly society, the number of elderly welfare facilities has to be increased accordingly. To ensure fairness of services, allocation of the facilities must consider the elderly population indices and the elderly welfare law must enact just criteria for the establishment of welfare facilities and standards for qualification to use welfare facilities
Spin-orbit torques from interfacial spin-orbit coupling for various interfaces
We use a perturbative approach to study the effects of interfacial spin-orbit
coupling in magnetic multilayers by treating the two-dimensional Rashba model
in a fully three-dimensional description of electron transport near an
interface. This formalism provides a compact analytic expression for
current-induced spin-orbit torques in terms of unperturbed scattering
coefficients, allowing computation of spin-orbit torques for various contexts,
by simply substituting scattering coefficients into the formulas. It applies to
calculations of spin-orbit torques for magnetic bilayers with bulk magnetism,
those with interface magnetism, a normal metal/ferromagnetic insulator
junction, and a topological insulator/ferromagnet junction. It predicts a
dampinglike component of spin-orbit torque that is distinct from any intrinsic
contribution or those that arise from particular spin relaxation mechanisms. We
discuss the effects of proximity-induced magnetism and insertion of an
additional layer and provide formulas for in-plane current, which is induced by
a perpendicular bias, anisotropic magnetoresistance, and spin memory loss in
the same formalism.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure
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