Study on the application of cleaning models with high speed water jets to CIP-processes

Zbog sigurnosti potrošača i osiguranja visoke kvalitete proizvoda nužno je provesti pouzdane postupke čišćenja u prehrambenoj industriji. Za održavanje konkurentnog položaja potrebno je kontrolirati troškove tih cleaning in place (CIP) postupaka, na primjer troškove za slatku i otpadnu vodu, deterđente, i svesti na minimum vrijeme prekida rada proizvodnih pogona. Čišćenje mrlja od hrane raspršivanjem vode veoma je slabo istraženo, naročito matematički prikaz postupka. U ovom radu pokazujemo da se model visokog tlaka autora Leu et al. može, uz neznatne adaptacije, primijeniti na čišćenje mrlja raspršivanjem vode niskog tlaka. Primijenili smo postojeći analitički model za relaciju čišćene širine kao funkcije standoff udaljenosti i razmotrili različitu strukturu raspršene vode kao i specifično ponašanje mrlje pri čišćenju. Potvrdili smo analitički model eksperimentalnim rezultatima mijenjanjem promjera mlaznice.To meet consumer safety and high product quality there is a need of reliable cleaning processes in the food industry. To keep competitive position it is necessary to control costs of those cleaning in place (CIP) processes e.g. expenses for fresh and waste water, detergents and to minimize downtime of the production facilities. The removal of food soils with water droplet sprays are very little researched, especially the mathematical modelling. In this paper we show that the high pressure model of Leu et al. can be applied to low pressure spray cleaning of a food soil with marginal adaptations. We used an existing analytical model for the relation of cleaned width as a function of the standoff distance and considered the different structure of the water spray as well as a food specific cleaning behaviour. We validated the analytical model with experimental results by varying the equivalent nozzle diameter

Atmospheric Turbulence Compensation of Point Source Images Using Asynchronous Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent Technique on AMOS 3.6 m Telescope

The Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent Technique-based Adaptive Optics (SPGD-AO) system described in this presentation does not use a conventional wavefront sensor. It uses a metric signal collected by a single pixel detector placed behind a pinhole in the image plane to drive three deformable mirrors (DMs). The system is designed to compensate the image for turbulence effects. The theory behind this method is described in detail in [1]. However this technique, while widely simulated and tested in the laboratory, was not yet verified in astronomical field site experiments. During the month of May 2007, a series of experiments with SPGD-AO compensation on stars at several elevation angles and turbulence levels were conducted successfully at the US Air Force Maui Optical and Supercomputing Site (AMOS) using the 3.6 m telescope. Some of the results of these experiments are described in this paper. This is the first time SPGD-AO systems have been tested and verified in astronomical field site experiments

Az ENSZ Környezetvédelmi Programjának környezetállapot-értékelési rendszere

The performance of adaptive systems that consist of microscale on-chip elements [microelectromechanical mirror (µ-mirror) arrays and a VLSI stochastic gradient descent microelectronic control system] is analyzed. The µ-mirror arrays with 5 × 5 and 6 × 6 actuators were driven with a control system composed of two mixed-mode VLSI chips implementing model-free beam-quality metric optimization by the stochastic parallel perturbative gradient descent technique. The adaptation rate achieved was near 6000 iterations/s. A secondary (learning) feedback loop was used to control system parameters during the adaptation process, further increasing the adaptation rate

Characterization of Atmospheric Turbulence Effects Over 149 km Propagation Path Using Multi-Wavelength Laser Beacons

We describe preliminary results of a set of laser beam propagation experiments performed over a long (149 km) near-horizontal propagation path between Mauna Loa (Hawaii Island) and Haleakala (Island of Maui) mountains in February 2010. The distinctive feature of the experimental campaign referred to here as the Coherent Multi-Beam Atmospheric Transceiver (COMBAT) experiments is that the measurements of the atmospheric-turbulence induced laser beam intensity scintillations at the receiver telescope aperture were obtained simultaneously using three laser sources (laser beacons) with different wavelengths (λ1 = 0.53 μm, λ2 = 1.06 μm, and λ3 = 1.55 μm). The presented experimental results on intensity scintillation characteristics reveal complexity of the observed phenomena that cannot be fully explained based on the existing atmospheric turbulence models

Comparison of Turbulence-Induced Scintillations for Multi-Wavelength Laser Beacons Over Tactical (7 km) and Long (149 km) Atmospheric Propagation Paths

We report results of the experimental analysis of atmospheric effects on laser beam propagation over two distinctive propagation paths: a long-range (149 km) propagation path between Mauna Loa (Island of Hawaii) and Haleakala (Island of Maui) mountains, and a tactical-range (7 km) propagation path between the roof of the Dayton Veterans Administration Medical Center (VAMC) and the Intelligent Optics Laboratory (IOL/UD) located on the 5th floor of the University of Dayton College Park Center building. Both testbeds include three laser beacons operating at wavelengths 532 nm, 1064 nm, and 1550 nm and a set of identical optical receiver systems with fast-framing IR cameras for simultaneous measurements of pupil and focal plane intensity distributions. The results reported here are focused on analysis of intensity scintillations that were simultaneously measured at three wavelengths. Comparison of experimental results shows significant differences in the physics of atmospheric turbulence impact on laser beam propagation over the long- and tactical-range distances

Non-perturbative Gluons and Pseudoscalar Mesons in Baryon Spectroscopy

We study baryon spectroscopy including the effects of pseudoscalar meson exchange and one gluon exchange potentials between quarks, governed by $\alpha_s$. The non-perturbative, hyperspherical method calculations show that one can obtain a good description of the data by using a quark-meson coupling constant that is compatible with the measured pion-nucleon coupling constant, and a reasonably small value of $\alpha_s$.Comment: 12 pages; Submitted to Phys. Rev. C. Rapid Communication

Hybrid cosmic ray measurements using the IceAct telescopes in coincidence with the IceCube and IceTop detectors

IceAct is a proposed surface array of compact (50 cm diameter) and cost-effective Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescopes installed at the site of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory at the geographic South Pole. Since January 2019, two IceAct telescope demonstrators, featuring 61 silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) pixels have been taking data in the center of the IceTop surface array during the austral winter. We present the first analysis of hybrid cosmic ray events detected by the IceAct imaging air-Cherenkov telescopes in coincidence with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory, including the IceTop surface array and the IceCube in-ice array. By featuring an energy threshold of about 10 TeV and a wide field-of-view, the IceAct telescopes show promising capabilities of improving current cosmic ray composition studies: measuring the Cherenkov light emissions in the atmosphere adds new information about the shower development not accessible with the current detectors, enabling significantly better primary particle type discrimination on a statistical basis. The hybrid measurement also allows for detailed feasibility studies of detector cross-calibration and of cosmic ray veto capabilities for neutrino analyses. We present the performance of the telescopes, the results from the analysis of two years of data, and an outlook of a hybrid simulation for a future telescope array