Aircraft instrument Patent

Aircraft indicator for pilot control of takeoff roll, climbout path and verticle flight path in poor visibility condition

Calculated effect of various types of flap on take-off over obstacles

In order to determine whether or not flaps could be expected to have any beneficial effect on take-off performance, the distances required to take off and climb to an altitude of 50 feet were calculated for hypothetical airplanes, corresponding to relatively high-speed types and equipped with several types of flap. The types considered are the Fowler wing, the Hall wing, the split flap, the balanced split flap, the plain flap, and the external-airfoil flap. The results indicate that substantial reductions in take-off distance are possible through the use of flaps, provided that the proper flap angle corresponding to a given set of conditions is used. The best flap angle for taking off varies inversely as power loading and, to a much smaller extent, varies inversely with wing loading. Apparently, the best take-off characteristics are provided by the type of device in which the flap forms an extension to the main wing as in the case of the Fowler wing and the external-airfoil flap

Does small business need a financial fix?

An evaluation of several proposals that would promote additional lending to the small business sector, some through direct government intervention and others by changing existing regulations to promote the market's allocation of credit. The authors argue that market-oriented initiatives are the preferred approach for improving a small-business credit crunch.Small business

More on the differences between reported and actual U.S. central bank foreign exchange intervention

An analysis of the differential impacts of reported and actual U.S. foreign exchange intervention on the mean and conditional variance of the Deutschemark-to-dollar and yen-to-dollar exchange rates. For part of the sample period, the impact of intervention on the variance of the exchange rates is shown to depend on whether the intervention was reported.Foreign exchange - Law and legislation

Financial fragility and regional economic growth

An examination of the potential link between local financial problems and regional economic growth, discussing how the health of the financial sector can affect economic performance when credit markets are segmented along regional lines.Credit ; Regional economics

The inaccuracy of newspaper reports of U.S. foreign exchange intervention

A comparison of official data on U.S. foreign exchange intervention with newspaper reports, finding that the series are systematically different and implying either that intervention may not be able to signal monetary policy accurately or that not all market participants have equally accurate information about exchange market intervention.Foreign exchange - Law and legislation

Response of Brassica napus lines containing all possible combinations of three clubroot resistance genes to infection by Plasmodiophora brassicae

Canola (Brassica napus L.) has become a major field crop in Canada. One of the largest threats to canola production is the disease of clubroot caused by the soilborne pathogen Plasmodiophora brassicae. This disease can have devastating effects on canola yield and quality. Long-lived resting spores make this disease difficult to manage with few strategies proving to be effective. Currently, the most effective management tool is the development and deployment of host plant genetic resistance. We studied a double haploid population developed from crossing a male parent containing clubroot resistance genes PH1 and PH2 to a female parent containing clubroot resistance gene PH3. Molecular profiles for each of the three genes in the DH lines was determined. Planned crosses among a subset of the DH lines were then made to obtain 108 F1s with all possible homozygous and heterozygous combinations of PH1, PH2, and PH3.These 108 F1s 27 genotypes were tested in a greenhouse setting against P. brassicae pathotypes 3H, 3A, and 5X to phenotype their clubroot reaction. Disease index was compared between the 27 combinations of PH1, PH2, and PH3 represented within the 108 F1s. Results found evidence of an epistatic effect between PH2 and PH3 that improved disease resistance to a greater extent than was observed when either gene was in single heterozygous form. The results highlight the importance of verifying gene reactions through gene stacking to identify epistatic effects. Utilizing gene stacking could produce more durable and broad-spectrum clubroot resistant canola varieties