The effect of regional differences on the performance of software firms in the Netherlands

This paper aims to explore the effect of regional differences on the performance of software firms in the Netherlands. Inspired by evolutionary economics, we account for the impact of (1) co-location and sharing a local knowledge base; (2) pre-entry experience in the same or related industries; (3) being connected; and, (4) having organisational capabilities to cope with change. The outcomes of the regression analyses on data gathered among 265 software firms suggest that firms located in regions specialised in ICT have a higher innovative productivity. Spin-offs and firms with organisational capabilities also perform better, while network relationships do not affect the performance of software firms.evolutionary economics, agglomeration economies, innovative productivity, software industry, spin-offs

Studies Toward the Total Synthesis of Hinckdentine A using Under Utilised Reactions and Functional Groups

Many useful organic transformations remain underutilised because they have not been thoroughly investigated and understood. We have sought to expand the utility of neglected reactions and functional groups by investigating their mechanism and examining their scope. We planned to demonstrate utility of these transformations by incorporating them as key steps in the total synthesis of the natural product hinckdentine A. We developed a rational and consistent theory for mechanism of on-water catalysis. This new theory has allowed us to identify previously unrecognised examples of this phenomenon. The traditionally difficult conjugate addition of anilines was found to be facile under on-water conditions and this reaction was further improved through the incorporation of N-acylpyrroles. N-Acylpyrroles were also found to facilitate the Stetter reaction and expand the scope of subsequent transformations. The understanding gained from these studies allowed us to undertake studies toward the total synthesis of hinckdentine A, by an innovative route which included the aforementioned reactions as integral transformations

Do firms benefit from spatial proximity? Testing the relation between spatial proximity and the performance of small software firms in the Netherlands

There is a general belief that firms, one way or another, benefit from being located near other firms or organisations like universities or government agencies. This idea has attracted widespread interest among economic geographers, regional scientists and, more recently, policymakers. The problem is, however, that it is often merely assumed that these benefits exist and their existence is not actually tested. Therefore, there was a clear need to take a more systematic look at how and to what extent the performance of firms is affected by being located close to other organisations. To address that need, we have undertaken an empirical analysis of the Dutch software sector focusing on those questions. Unlike most previous studies on this topic, we have gathered data at the firm level to test some of the main assumptions regarding the benefits of spatial proximity. In all, we interviewed 265 software firms, a group that is representative of the large population of small software firms in the Netherlands. The first assumption that we tested is that firms located in regions where many other organisations are concentrated perform better than firms located outside such areas. Firms that are located in each others’ vicinity benefit from agglomeration economies and, as a result, are more likely to benefit from the spill-over of knowledge. Many studies that have tested this assumption have used data pertaining to the regional level and, therefore, could not control whether the effect may be caused by differences between the firms located in the various regions. Using data on the firm level, we could control for some firm characteristics (the age, size and innovation input of the firm and the way they dealt with changes in the market). We found that despite the widespread urbanisation and small size of the Netherlands still regional differences are large enough to affect the performance of software firms. A location in a region where computer services are concentrated positively affects the innovative productivity of software firms, even when we control for differences between firms. The second assumption that we examined is whether spatial proximity between a software firm and its business partners affects its innovative performance. One of the main reasons why spatial proximity between organisations is considered to be beneficial is that it facilitates the (face-to-face) interactions required for the exchange of more tacit knowledge. We have examined this with regard to the relationship a firm may have both with its customers and with the previous employer of (one of) the founder(s). Generally speaking, we can conclude that software firms also benefit from being located near business partners. However, contrary to what is often assumed higher levels of face-to-face interaction are not the reason why spatial proximity has a positive effect on a firm’s innovative performance. Our results indicate that spatial proximity does appear to facilitate interactions between organisations, but that this does not automatically imply that such relationships also stimulate a firm’s innovative performance

The effect of regional differences on the performance of software firms in the Netherlands

This paper aims to explore the effect of regional differences on the performance of software firms in the Netherlands. Inspired by evolutionary economics, we account for the impact of: (1) co-location and sharing a local knowledge base; (2) pre-entry experience in the same or related industries; (3) being connected; and, (4) having organizational capabilities to cope with change. The outcomes of the regression analyses on data gathered among 265 software firms suggest that firms located in regions specialized in ICT have a higher innovative productivity. Spin-offs and firms with organizational capabilities also perform better, while network relationships do not affect the performance of software firms. Copyright 2005, Oxford University Press.