Letter: To "My Dear Charles" from John Wesley, January 3, 1741

Digitized from a letter in the Drew University Methodist Collection. 1 Item (2 p.); 17 x 20 c

Letter: To Ebenezer Blackwell from John Wesley, July 3, 1751

Digitized from a letter in the Drew University Methodist Collection. 1 item (4 p.); 19.5 x 32 cm

U.S. State-Level Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Spatial-Temporal Econometric Approach of the Environmental Kuznets Curve

One of the major criticisms of past environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) studies is that the spatiotemporal aspects within the data have largely been ignored. By ignoring the spatial aspect of pollution emissions past estimates of the EKC implicitly assume that a region’s emissions are unaffected by events in neighboring regions (i.e., assume there are no transboundary pollution emissions between neighbors). By ignoring the spatial aspects within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated biased or inconsistent regression results. By ignoring the temporal aspect within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated spurious regression results or misspecified t and F statistics. To address this potential misspecification we estimate the relationship between state-level carbon dioxide emissions and income (GDP) accounting for both the spatiotemporal components within the data. Specifically, we estimate a dynamic spatiotemporal panel model using a newly proposed robust, spatial fixed effects model. This new estimation scheme is appropriate for panels with large N and T. Consistent with the EKC hypothesis we find the inverted-U shaped relationship between CO2 emissions and income. Further, we find adequate evidence that carbon dioxide emissions and state-level GDP are temporally and spatially dependent. These findings offer policy implications for both interstate energy trade and pollution emission regulations. These implications are particularly important for the formulation of national policies related to the 2009 Copenhagen Treaty in which the U.S. has committed to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions over the next twenty years.Environmental Kuznets Curve, Carbon Dioxide, Spatial Econometrics, Panel Data Econometrics, Time Series Analysis, Environmental Economics, Pollution Economics, Environmental Economics and Policy, Q50, Q53, Q43, C01, C33,

A Spatiotemporal Fixed Effects Estimation of U.S. State-Level Carbon Dioxide Emissions

One of the major shortcommings of past environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) studies is that the spatiotemporal aspects within the data have largely been ignored. By ignoring the spatial aspect of pollution emissions past estimates of the EKC implicitly assume that a region’s emissions are unaffected by events in neighboring regions (i.e., assume there are no transboundary pollution emissions between neighbors). By ignoring the spatial aspects within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated biased or inconsistent regression results. By ignoring the temporal aspect within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated spurious regression results or misspecified t and F statistics. To address this potential misspecification we estimate the relationship between state-level carbon dioxide emissions and income (GDP) accounting for both the spatiotemporal components within the data. Specifically, we estimate a dynamic spatiotemporal panel model using a newly proposed robust, spatial fixed effects model. This new estimation scheme is appropriate for panels with large N and T. Consistent with the EKC hypothesis we find the inverted-U shaped relationship between CO2 emissions and income. Further, we find adequate evidence that the underlying economic processes driving carbon dioxide emissions and state-level GDP are temporally and spatially dependent. These findings offer policy implications for both interstate energy trade and pollution emission regulations. These implications are particularly important for the formulation of national policies related to the 2009 Copenhagen Treaty in which the U.S. has committed to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions over the next twenty years.Pollution Economics, Environmental Kuznets Curve, Spatial Econometrics, Dynamic Panel Data, Carbon Dioxide Emissions, Global Climate Change, Environmental Economics and Policy, Research Methods/ Statistical Methods, Resource /Energy Economics and Policy, C33, C51, Q43, Q50, Q53, Q58,

Mulcaster's tyrant sound

In this paper, I shall look at what happens to sound in the course of this realization, especially in connection with humanist pedagogy. The orthographic debate was, after all, waged chiefly among teachers, a point that leads me to reflect on the confluence of pedagogical theories with those of right writing. Of particular interest in this regard is Richard Mulcaster (1531/32-1611), headmaster of Elizabethan London's largest school, whose orthographical treatise, the Elementarie (1582), claims somewhat surprisingly to be a work of pedagogical theory. So, at issue in the following discussion is how a conception of the relationship between speech and writing can be relevant to subjectivity, in this case of children in an educational system.Issue title: Sound Effects

Embryology: Life in Twenty-one Days

This publication explains the process of an egg hatching into a chick

The Economic Development of Ness County, Kansas

The years selected for study in this thesis cover the period from the time or the second organization of the county in 1800 to the year 1953. Important events prior to this time are included as background material or because they have a bearing on the future development of the county. The plan of this thesis is to devote a chapter to each important division of the economic activity of the county. The county is predominately rural and the entire economy prospers or suffers with the success or failure of the wheat crop. Since agriculture holds such a prominent place in the economy, it has been treated at greater length and in more detail than other phases of the counties’ economic life