The geology of the Witteberg group, Cape supergroup, with specific focus on the Perdepoort member as a potential silica source

Selected outcrops of the Upper Devonian to Lower Carboniferous, Witteberg Group, Cape Supergroup were mineralogically and structurally analyzed. The study area is located approximately 30km northwest of Kirkwood and 10km south of Darlington Dam, Eastern Cape, South Africa. Strata predominantly consist of arenaceous Witpoort Formation, which includes the Perdepoort, and Rooirand Members. The Perdepoort Member is a thinly bedded quartzite also known as the "white streak". The Rooirand Member quartzite is a highly iron stained red-brown quartzite. The dark-grey, pyritic rich shales of the Kweekvlei Formation overlie the Witpoort Formation in the southern half of the study site. These shales are highly deformed and display closely spaced thrust faults and close folds. The study area encapsulates a range of folding from tight to open folds. Faulting consists of low angle north verging thrust fault, south verging back thrusts, south and north dipping normal faults, and strike-slip faults. Closely spaced, fore-land verging thrusts faults predominate over hinterland verging back thrusts. Normal faulting post-dates thrust faulting and utilized weaknesses in axial planar cleavage and in certain instances existing thrust fault planes. Strike-slip faulting post-dates thrusting and has in places reactivated pre-existing thrust fault planes. Macro scale folding includes overturned synclines and large anticlines which have been eroded, exposing older strata. Fold axes plunge at low to moderate angles west-southwest. This correlates with tension gashes which indicate north westward directed forces. Eastward directed forces are confirmed by the presence of tension gashes and strike-slip movement. The local geology displays north westward directed compression followed by strike-slip movement. Normal faulting post-dates all other structures and is associated with the Mesozoic break-up of Gondwana. The Perdepoort Member was sampled along strike, at different outcrop latitudes. Seven samples were selected for scanning electron microscope analysis. Samples are composed almost entirely of quartz; accessories include, biotite, muscovite, sericite, baryte, and apatite. Epigenetic hematite is present along cracks within certain samples Epigenetic hematite occur along cracks with oxides and phosphates in the form of rutile, apatite and monazite present in a number of samples. When compared to other silica extraction operations the Perdepoort Member appears viable for explotation. However, for the solar cell industry the purity of this horizon is clearly far below that required for industy

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cancer risk: A Danish nationwide cohort study

SummaryIntroductionLittle is known about the risk of cancer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), including which cancer sites are most affected. We examined the short- and long-term risk of lung and extrapulmonary cancer in a nationwide cohort of COPD patients.MethodsWe linked the Danish National Registry of Patients and the nationwide cancer registry, and examined the incidence of various cancers in 236,494 individuals with a first incident hospital contact with COPD during 1980–2008. The observed cancer incidence in this cohort was compared with the expected incidence in the general population on the basis of national age-, sex-, and site-specific incidence rates.ResultsMedian follow-up was 3.5 years. During the first year of follow-up, 9434 cancers were diagnosed in COPD patients [standardized incidence ratio (SIR) = 3.1; 95% CI 3.0 to 3.2]. The 1-year SIR was 8.5 (8.2–8.9) for lung cancer, 5.1 (5.0–5.2) for all tobacco-related cancers, and 1.9 (1.9–2.0) for other cancers. In the following years, cancer incidence was increased 1.4-fold (1.4–1.5) in COPD patients. These patients had an increased risk of developing tobacco-related cancers (SIR = 2.1; 95% CI 2.0–2.1), including cancers of the lung, larynx, tongue, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, cervix uteri, and urinary tract (with SIRs ranging between 1.3 and 2.8).ConclusionsPatients with first-time hospital-diagnosed COPD are at considerably increased risk of developing both lung cancer and extrapulmonary cancers. Physicians should be aware of cancer in COPD patients

Cardiovascular risk in patients with and without diabetes presenting with chronic coronary syndrome in 2004-2016

BACKGROUND: It was recently shown that new-onset diabetes patients without previous cardiovascular disease have experienced a markedly reduced risk of adverse cardiovascular events from 1996 to 2011. However, it remains unknown if similar improvements are present following the diagnosis of chronic coronary syndrome. The purpose of this study was to examine the change in cardiovascular risk among diabetes patients with chronic coronary syndrome from 2004 to 2016. METHODS: We included patients with documentation of coronary artery disease by coronary angiography between 2004 and 2016 in Western Denmark. Patients were stratified by year of index coronary angiography (2004–2006, 2007–2009, 2010–2012, and 2013–2016) and followed for two years. The main outcome was major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) defined as myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, or death. Analyses were performed separately in patients with and without diabetes. We estimated two-year risk of each outcome and adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR) using patients examined in 2004-2006 as reference. RESULTS: Among 5931 patients with diabetes, two-year MACE risks were 8.4% in 2004–2006, 8.5% in 2007–2009, and then decreased to 6.2% in 2010–2012 and 6.7% in 2013–2016 (2013–2016 vs 2004–2006: aIRR 0.70, 95% CI 0.53–0.93). In comparison, 23,540 patients without diabetes had event rates of 6.3%, 5.2%, 4.2%, and 3.9% for the study intervals (2013–2016 vs 2004–2006: aIRR 0.57, 95% CI 0.48–0.68). CONCLUSIONS: Between 2004 and 2016, the two-year relative risk of MACE decreased by 30% in patients with diabetes and chronic coronary syndrome, but slightly larger absolute and relative reductions were observed in patients without diabetes. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-021-02312-y

Filariosis subcutánea canina por <i>Acanthocheilonema reconditum</i> : Presentación de un caso clínico

Acanthocheilonema reconditum (Grassi, 1889) es un parásito sanguíneo de importancia zoonótica y amplia distribución mundial. La microfilaremia en caninos se asocia mayormente a la presencia en sangre de Dirofilaria inmitis y muy pocas veces a la de Acanthocheilonema reconditum cuyos adultos se localizan en tejido subcutáneo y piel, motivo por el cual no presenta manifestaciones clínicas a nivel cardíaco. Según un relevamiento realizado por Gamboa & Butti la prevalencia para A. Reconditum es mayor en la región de Berisso y Ensenada y se ubica en el orden del 7,6% respecto de una prevalencia estimada para D. Inmitis del 3,8 %.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Filariosis subcutánea canina por <i>Acanthocheilonema reconditum</i> : Presentación de un caso clínico

Acanthocheilonema reconditum (Grassi, 1889) es un parásito sanguíneo de importancia zoonótica y amplia distribución mundial. La microfilaremia en caninos se asocia mayormente a la presencia en sangre de Dirofilaria inmitis y muy pocas veces a la de Acanthocheilonema reconditum cuyos adultos se localizan en tejido subcutáneo y piel, motivo por el cual no presenta manifestaciones clínicas a nivel cardíaco. Según un relevamiento realizado por Gamboa & Butti la prevalencia para A. Reconditum es mayor en la región de Berisso y Ensenada y se ubica en el orden del 7,6% respecto de una prevalencia estimada para D. Inmitis del 3,8 %.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria