Images of Germany. Perspectives from Imagology and Cultural History

Like all those pictures of other countries, which are treated in imagological research, images of Germany are also complex, mediated by social history and historical experience, misunderstanding, misrepresentation and ideological assumptions. On the whole, these images represent the expectations and experiences of the observer even as they can truly be connected with the history, or social and cultural affairs, of the population. Thus, these images appear to be reversible figures that are simultaneously true and the products of subjective perception.Like all those pictures of other countries, which are treated in imagological research, images of Germany are also complex, mediated by social history and historical experience, misunderstanding, misrepresentation and ideological assumptions. On the whole, these images represent the expectations and experiences of the observer even as they can truly be connected with the history, or social and cultural affairs, of the population. Thus, these images appear to be reversible figures that are simultaneously true and the products of subjective perception

Russland-Bild und Postmoderne - eine komparatistische Skizze

„Seit Jahrzehnten“, so der Münchner Kunsthistoriker Walter Grasskamp am Ende des vergangenen Jahrhunderts in einem Beitrag zur „Bilanz“ der Postmoderne-Diskussion, „muss man nun schon mit der Ungewissheit leben, nicht mehr genau sagen zu können, in welcher Epoche man sich eigentlich befindet.“ (Grasskamp 1998: 757) Die damit angesprochene Erfahrung von Verunsicherung und das hiermit zugleich verbundene desillusionäre Lebensgefühl, deren zeitgenössische Verbreitung sich nicht zuletzt an der Beliebtheit der bereits Mitte der 1980er Jahre von Jürgen Habermas geprägten Formel einer „neuen Unübersichtlichkeit“ (vgl. Habermas 1985: 139) ablesen lässt, blieb freilich nicht nur auf jene westlichen Länder beschränkt, deren Fortschritts-, Planungs- und Freiheitsvorstellungen in der zweiten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts – vor dem Hintergrund einer bis in die Anfänge der Neuzeit zurückreichenden und namentlich im Jahrhundert der Aufklärung und dann im Zeitalter der Naturwissenschaften in der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts forcierten Rationalisierungs-Euphorie – ausgehend von den 1970er Jahren inzwischen an ihre Grenzen geraten sind

The religious lives of students at a South African university

Whilst significant research has been conducted on religious affiliation and on general levels of religiosity in the South African context, few studies specifically investigated the religious lives of South African university students in a comprehensive way. This is unfortunate as such research could significantly inform and support the effectiveness of youth and student ministries. As such, this article explored the religious lives of students at a university in the Gauteng province of South Africa, focusing specifically on students’ self-assessed religiosity, the maturity of their religious attitudes, their spiritual well-being, the religious practices in which they engage and the relationship between such practices and their spiritual well-being. Gender, racial and religious differences concerning these variables were also investigated. Data were collected from 356 undergraduate students by means of a structured survey consisting of the Spiritual Well-Being Questionnaire, the Religious Fundamentalism Scale and two other scales aimed at assessing religiosity and religious practices. Results indicated that 98.9% of participants were religious with the majority (86.9%) being Christian. Generally, students espoused highly fundamentalist religious attitudes but had high levels of spiritual well-being. Prayer and virtual or in-person attendance of religious gatherings such as church services were the most prevalent religious practices whereas fasting and meditation were practiced least. All practices were positively correlated with students’ spiritual well-being. Based on these findings, the article concludes with several specific, practical recommendations relevant to student ministries and those working with university students in religious contexts

An assessment of perceptions, sources and uses of water among six African communities in the North West Province of South Africa

The aim of this study was to assess perceptions, sources and uses of water among African residents of six different impoverished communities in the North West Province (NWP) of South Africa. A sequential exploratory mixed-methods design was used. Twenty-five purposively selected community members took part in the qualitative phase of the study, and during the quantitative phase a sample of 1 000 participants was proportionately and systematically selected from the six communities. The qualitative results were used to develop a structured questionnaire to quantify and verify the initial findings. The quantitative findings revealed that the majority of participants (72.4%) regard their water quality as average, and believe that water should be conserved and used sparingly (97.2%) and be provided free of charge (90.5%). Results also revealed that residents mostly obtain their water from local government (municipal) sources (76.5%), and that they mostly use water for drinking (98%), cooking (98.8%), flushing toilets (95.9%), washing themselves (bathing) (98.4%), their hands (99%), clothes (99.1%), and personal property (99.3%), as well as to water their gardens and domestic plants (93.2%). Finally, it was found that most people (83%) store their water in a fridge inside their homes. The results of the study have direct practical implications for water management and for the development and implementation of water-related interventions and projects in the NWP.Keywords: African, beliefs/attitudes towards water, human-water interactions, perceptions about water, water conservation, water sources, water us

An Intervention Program Based on Plant Surrogates as Alternatives to the Use of Southern Ground-Hornbills in Cultural Practices

The Southern Ground-Hornbill (SGH) (Bucorvus leadbeateri Vigors, 1825) is a globally threatened bird. The least studied and addressed threat facing the SGH is its use in traditional African cultural practices. This study aimed to develop and refine an intervention program based on the use of plant surrogates as alternatives to the use of SGHs in such practices. Following a grounded-action research approach, a preliminary week-long program was developed and implemented among a group of 10 traditional healers from South Africa. Feedback from the participants was analyzed qualitatively and used to refine the program. The participants identified several readily available and culturally congruent plant surrogates that could be used as alternatives to the SGH. Whilst the program requires additional refinement and implementation across the bird’s range, preliminary results indicate that the use of non-threatened plant species as surrogates for the SGH, as well as for similarly threatened species, holds promise as a rapid, cost-effective, and culturally sensitive conservation intervention

Military metaphor in the Corpus Paulinum : an investigation into its occurence and meaning

Summaries in German and EnglishDie vorliegende Studie setzt sich mit der militärischen Metaphorik im Corpus Paulinum im Blick auf deren Vorkommen und Bedeutung auseinander. Es zeigt sich, dass sich die militärische Rede und deren Anwendungsbereich im Corpus Paulinum über alle dreizehn Briefe hinweg, die der Reihe nach ihrer wahrscheinlichen chronologischen Abfassungsfolge entsprechend analysiert werden, zu entwickeln scheint: dienen militärische Motive anfangs noch vorwiegend als Vergleichsmomente, so werden sie im weiteren Verlauf der Briefchronologie zunehmend identifizierend eingesetzt. Thematisch verwendet Paulus militärische Redeweise insbesondere zur Schaffung und Wahrung von Einheit in der Gemeinde auf Grund gemeinsamer Identität sowie um sich und die Gemeinde als »Mithineingenommene« in den transzendenten, eschatologischen Kampf gegen Satan zu verstehen und praktisch zu verorten bzw. anzuleiten. Das Evangelium selbst ist umkämpft, was daher auch die Missionstätigkeit des Paulus bzw. der Gemeinde als eine geistlich-militärische Mission verstehen lässt. Als »echte Metaphern« können die militärischen Metaphern bei Paulus weder verlustfrei ersetzt noch aufgelöst werden.The study deals with military metaphors in the Corpus Paulinum with regard to their occurrence and significance. It turns out that the military speech and its scope of application in the Corpus Paulinum seems to evolve across all thirteen letters, which are analyzed in sequence according to their probable chronological order: if military motifs serve as comparative moments at first, they are increasingly used identically in the further course of the letter chronology. The use of military speeches in particular serves the purpose of creating and maintaining unity in the community on the basis of a common identity, and in order to understand and guide the community in a transcendent, eschatological struggle against Satan. The Gospel itself is contested, which also explains the missionary activity of Paul as a spiritual-military mission. As »real metaphors«, Paul's military metaphors can neither be replaced or dissolved without loss.New TestamentM. Th. (New Testament

The feasibility of national parks in South Africa endorsing a community development agenda: The case of Mokala National Park and two neighbouring rural communities

This article explores the feasibility of South African National Parks (SANParks) endorsing a community development agenda, using Mokala National Park (MNP) and two neighbouring rural communities as case study. A three-phase sequential exploratory, mixed-methods approach was followed: an initial exploratory qualitative phase aimed at identifying the development needs of the two communities; a quantitative phase aimed at verifying and quantifying the identified needs; and a final qualitative phase (with a minor quantitative component) to determine what parks can reasonably achieve in terms of community development based on their available resources, capacity and expertise. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews (Phase 1: n = 22; Phase 3: n = 6), which were thematically analysed. Quantitative data were collected via a structured questionnaire (Phase 2: n = 484; Phase 3: n = 6) and analysed using SPSS 23. Findings revealed that the communities’ most significant needs centred on employment opportunities; improved healthcare, service delivery and waste management; and education. Community members also expressed the need for improved community policing, safety and security; social services; agricultural support and training; general skills development and training; local leadership; recreational facilities; local economic development and conservation initiatives. Results from the third phase of the study suggest that parks such as MNP can realistically only address some of the identified community needs significantly; primarily job creation (via temporary employment), skills development, local economic development, support of local conservation (especially via environmental education) and, to a lesser extent, agricultural support and training and permanent job creation. Conservation implications: The findings could be of practical use to SANParks to steer its community development initiatives towards attaining a more optimal balance between actual community needs and what the organisation can realistically offer, thus rendering SANParks’ efforts more efficient and effective in supporting the establishment of equitable and sustainable rural communities

Phosphinogold(I) dithiocarbamate complexes : effect of the nature of phosphine ligand on anticancer properties

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