821 research outputs found

    Die Einkommensteuertarife 1965, 1986 und 1990: Wo liegen die Unterschiede

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    Die Einkommensteuertarife 1965, 1986 und 1990: Wo liegen die Unterschiede?

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    Retrospektive Analyse zur Diagnostik und Therapie von 100 Patienten mit Larynxkarzinomen am Kenyatta National Hospital in Nairobi, Kenia

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    Bei der Analyse der Behandlung des Larynxkarzinoms in Kenia zeigte sich ein im internationalen Vergleich deutlich erhöhter Anteil an fortgeschrittenen Karzinomen. Der Anteil an als T3 und T4 klassifizierten Karzinomen lag mit 81 % höher als in entsprechenden Untersuchungen aus industrialisierten Staaten. Dieses ist vor allem durch die spĂ€te Vorstellung der Patienten zu erklĂ€ren, die durch finanzielle MĂ€ngel, aber auch durch die schlechte VerfĂŒgbarkeit von Ärzten auf dem Land und die fehlende AufklĂ€rung ĂŒber die TherapiebedĂŒrftigkeit von lange persistierender Heiserkeit hervorgerufen wird. Die Patienten wurden zu 70 % einer Strahlentherapie unterzogen, 10 %wurden operiert, 20 % der Patienten wurden keiner weiteren Therapie zugefĂŒhrt. Eine Beurteilung des Therapieerfolges konnte aufgrund der nur unzureichend durchgefĂŒhrten Nachsorgeuntersuchungen nicht erfolgen

    La obra grĂĄfica de edvard munch

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    Traducido por Policarpo VarĂłn del libro Graphic Works of Edvard Munch, publicado en Nueva York en 1979 por Dover Publications. Apartes del libro sobre la vida y obra del artista norueg

    Was bringt eine geÀnderte Ertragskompetenz bei der Einkommensteuer? Eine Replik

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    In der Aprilausgabe 2014 veröffentlichte der Wirtschaftsdienst einen Aufsatz mit dem Titel Neuordnung der Besteuerungskompetenzen bei der Einkommensteuer. Die Autoren des vorliegenden Beitrags setzen sich kritisch damit auseinander, im Anschluss erlĂ€utern Gisela FĂ€rber, Carsten KĂŒhl und Denis Alt ihren Standpunkt in einer Erwiderung.The Reply: The reform proposal would complicate the rules for sharing income tax revenues. The measures proposed are not compatible with the rules set out in the German Federal Constitution and the relevant decisions of the Constitutional Court. The states would lose tax revenues, whereas the federal government would gain them. As to individual states, the financially strong ones would be the losers, despite the fact that economic strength and fi nancial strength should be signifi cantly related. The Response: Future fi scal equalisation in Germany requires not only a new equalisation formula but also a fairer, more equal, broader and more transparent tax base for states and local governments. If necessary, changes to the Federal Constitution should be undertaken to achieve a more equal vertical assignment of tax powers. The actual reform discussion should not be a confrontation between rich and poor states but should lead to a fi nancial constitution by 2020 which can be unanimously approved by all of the German states

    Ulnar Neuropathy Among Active Workers Based Upon Hand Diagram Ratings

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    BackgroundLimited studies have estimated the prevalence of ulnar neuropathy (UN) in the workplace. Hand diagrams have been demonstrated to have a good sensitivity and specificity when attempting to identify patients with UN.ObjectiveTo determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for UN among active workers based on results of a hand diagram, and to determine the reliability of hand diagram scoring.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingSeven different industrial and clerical work sites.MethodsA total of 501 active workers were screened. Subjects completed a hand diagram and the Job Content Questionnaire, and had ergonomic assessment of their job. Each hand diagram was scored independently by 2 raters.Main Outcome MeasuresRating of the hand diagram for UN.ResultsInterrater reliability of scoring the hand diagram for UN was very high. The estimated prevalence of UN was 3.6%. Suspected UN was associated with positioning of the elbow but not by contact stress at the elbow or force at the hand. Smokers had a lower prevalence, but smokers with suspected UN had higher‐pack year histories. Workers with suspected UN had a greater sense of job insecurity and lower job satisfaction rating.ConclusionsHand diagram rating has a high interrater reliability. Suspected UN has a relatively high prevalence among active workers in comparison to prior estimates of the prevalence of UN among the general population and is not strongly associated with ergonomic factors.Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/146927/1/pmr2571.pd

    Use of hand diagrams in screening for ulnar neuropathy: Comparison with electrodiagnostic studies

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    Introduction: The objective of this study was to determine whether a hand diagram could be used to predict ulnar mononeuropathy. Methods: This was a prospective study of 117 consecutive patients referred for hand symptoms. Each subject filled out a hand diagram of symptoms and had median and ulnar sensory and motor nerve conduction studies, including ulnar conduction across the elbow. Results: The best model for predicting an ulnar mononeuropathy included hand diagram scores of definite or possible. The model had a sensitivity of 50% and specificity of 93% with an ROC area of 0.90. Conclusions: The ulnar hand diagram scoring system can be useful as a screening tool in the electrodiagnostic laboratory or for epidemiologic studies. Muscle Nerve, 2012Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/94454/1/23452_ftp.pd

    Evaluation du risque hygiĂ©nique liĂ© Ă  l’utilisation de digestats liquides en Suisse

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    Le but de ce projet Ă©tait la caractĂ©risation de l’état hygiĂ©nique des digestats liquides provenant des installations de mĂ©thanisation en Suisse. Ceci en relation avec les intrants utilisĂ©s et les techniques de prĂ©traitement, de mĂ©thanisation et de post-traitements employĂ©es. Trois campagne d’échantillonnage ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es: en hiver 2012-1013, au printemps et en Ă©tĂ© 2013. Lors de ce travail, diverses installations reprĂ©sentatives de mĂ©thanisation mĂ©sophiles et thermophiles ont Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©es en dĂ©tail. Les teneurs en salmonelles, en germes coliformes, en E. coli, en entĂ©rocoques et en Campylobacter des intrants ainsi que les digestats provenant des diverses Ă©tapes des processus ont Ă©tĂ© analysĂ©es. Les dĂ©chets verts ainsi que les contenus des panses sont les intrants contenant le plus de germes pathogĂšnes. Le lait et les produits OESPA en contiennent par contre relativement peu. Une grande variabilitĂ© entre les produits d’une mĂȘme catĂ©gorie d’intrants est toutefois observĂ©e. Les salmonelles n’ont pu ĂȘtre mises en Ă©vidence que dans peu d’intrants et en quantitĂ©s modestes. Une prĂ©sence plus importante de salmonelle dans les intrants OESPA n’a pas Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e. Aussi bien les germes coliformes que E. coli et les entĂ©rocoques ont Ă©tĂ© trouvĂ©s en concentration moyennes dans la plupart des intrants. Campylobacter spp. n’a pu ĂȘtre isolĂ© d’aucun intrant. Les salmonelles et E. coli sont efficacement Ă©liminĂ©s dans les installations thermophiles et n’étaient plus dĂ©tectables dans les digestats. Les teneurs en entĂ©rocoques Ă©taient significativement rĂ©duites par les traitements thermophiles, sans ĂȘtre toutefois complĂštement Ă©liminĂ©s. Dans les installations mĂ©sophiles, le processus de traitement n’a qu’une influence mineure sur les germes Ă©tudiĂ©s. Les quantitĂ©s de E. coli ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©duites, mais des quantitĂ©s notables de ce germe ont Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©es dans les digestats. Il faut souligner qu’une multiplication des germes Ă©tudiĂ©s lors du traitement mĂ©sophiles n’a pas Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e. L’utilisation de digestat liquide frais ou stockĂ© est Ă  dĂ©conseiller dans des cultures consommĂ©es crues. De maniĂšre gĂ©nĂ©rale, une grande prudence est Ă  observer lors d’utilisation de digestats mĂ©sophiles en maraĂźchage. Du point de vue hygiĂ©nique, les digestats liquides provenant d’installations thermophiles sont non problĂ©matiques, pour autant que la conduite de l’installation soit faite selon les rĂšgles de l’art. Pour les autres cultures, l’emploi de digestat mĂ©sophile est possible. Les mĂȘmes recommandations d’utilisation que pour les lisiers sont Ă  respecter

    Triethyl­ammonium O-3ÎČ-cholest-5-en-3-yl (4-meth­oxy­phen­yl)dithio­phospho­nate

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    In the crystal structure of the title compound, C6H16N+·C34H52O2PS2 − or [(CH3CH2)3NH]+·[C34H52O2PS2]−, the cation and anion are paired via weak, inter­molecular, bifurcated N—H⋯(S,S) hydrogen bonds. The cholesteryl units form an alternating (herringbone) motif as well as an infinitely stacked layered structure along the b axis. The P—S bond lengths [1.975 (2) and 1.981 (2) Å compared with ca 1.92 Å for a formal P=S double bond and with ca 2.01 Å for a P—S single bond] suggest delocalization of the negative charge between the P—S bonds. A distorted tetra­hedral geometry around the P atom is revealed by non-ideal O—P—C and S—P—S bond angles of 96.7 (2) and 115.52 (11)°, respectively
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