Density Functional Theory investigations of titanium gamma-surfaces and stacking faults

Properties of hcp-Ti such as elastic constants, stacking faults and gamma-surfaces are computed using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and two central force Embedded Atom interaction Models (EAM). The results are compared to previously published calculations and to predicting models. Their implications on the plastic properties of hcp-Ti are discussed.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures, 3 table

Investigation of stresses in the orthogonal cutting of fiber-reinforced plastics

A photoelastic study was conducted to examine the stress fields in the cutting process of fiber-reinforced plastics (FRPs). Force measurements were made and used in the analysis of the stress fields. Machined surfaces of workpieces with fibers oriented away from the cutting direction showed that the fibers were machined by shearing and tensile fracture; and when fibers were inclined towards the cutting tool, the fibers failed by shearing and bending. In addition, fiber-matrix debonding was observed to be maximum for fibers oriented at 45 deg towards the tool\u27s path. Fiber orientation was shown to have an influence on the machining forces and stresses

Genetic Fine-Mapping and Identification of Candidate Genes and Variants for Adiposity Traits in Outbred Rats.

OBJECTIVE: Obesity is a major risk factor for multiple diseases and is in part heritable, yet the majority of causative genetic variants that drive excessive adiposity remain unknown. Here, outbred heterogeneous stock (HS) rats were used in controlled environmental conditions to fine-map novel genetic modifiers of adiposity. METHODS: Body weight and visceral fat pad weights were measured in male HS rats that were also genotyped genome-wide. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) were identified by genome-wide association of imputed single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotypes using a linear mixed effect model that accounts for unequal relatedness between the HS rats. Candidate genes were assessed by protein modeling and mediation analysis of expression for coding and noncoding variants, respectively. RESULTS: HS rats exhibited large variation in adiposity traits, which were highly heritable and correlated with metabolic health. Fine-mapping of fat pad weight and body weight revealed three QTL and prioritized five candidate genes. Fat pad weight was associated with missense SNPs in Adcy3 and Prlhr and altered expression of Krtcap3 and Slc30a3, whereas Grid2 was identified as a candidate within the body weight locus. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate the power of HS rats for identification of known and novel heritable mediators of obesity traits. Obesity 2018; 26(1):213-222