The primary data and results for selection and phylogenetic analysis

In the manuscript, we have made a selection and phylogenetic analysis for MHC genes(DQB and DRB) in the Endangered Indo-Pacific Humpback Dolphin (Sousa chinensis).FUBAR software and CODENL program were used to test for the evidence of positive selection, and phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using MrBayes 3.1.2. The best-fit evolution model for MHC was selected on the basis of the Akaike Information Criterion(AIC) using MODELTEST 3.7. All the data underlying these analyses was submitted in a zip file(Data for Dryad)

Electronic Bandgap and Edge Reconstruction in Phosphorene Materials

Single-layer black phosphorus (BP), or phosphorene, is a highly anisotropic two-dimensional elemental material possessing promising semiconductor properties for flexible electronics. However, the direct bandgap of single-layer black phosphorus predicted theoretically has not been directly measured, and the properties of its edges have not been considered in detail. Here we report atomic scale electronic variation related to strain-induced anisotropic deformation of the puckered honeycomb structure of freshly cleaved black phosphorus using a high-resolution scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) survey along the light (<i>x</i>) and heavy (<i>y</i>) effective mass directions. Through a combination of STS measurements and first-principles calculations, a model for edge reconstruction is also determined. The reconstruction is shown to self-passivate most dangling bonds by switching the coordination number of phosphorus from 3 to 5 or 3 to 4

In-plane Anisotropy of Quantum Transport in Artificial Two-dimensional Au Lattices

We report an experimental observation and direct control of quantum transport in artificial two-dimensional Au lattices. Combining the advanced techniques of low-temperature deposition and newly developed double-probe scanning tunneling spectroscopy, we display a two-dimensional carrier transport and demonstrate a strong in-plane transport modulation in the two-dimensional Au lattices. In well-ordered Au lattices, we observe the carrier transport behavior manifesting as a band-like feature with an energy gap. Furthermore, controlled structural modification performed by constructing coupled “stadiums” enables a transition of system dynamics in the lattices, which in turn establishes tunable resonant transport throughout a wide energy range. Our findings open the possibility of the construction and transport engineering of artificial lattices by the geometrical arrangement of scatterers and quantum chaotic dynamics

Direct Probe of Interplay between Local Structure and Superconductivity in FeTe_0.55Se_0.45

The relationship between atomically defined structures and physical properties in functional materials remains a subject of constant interest. We explore the interplay between local crystallographic structure, composition, and local superconductive properties in iron chalcogenide superconductors. Direct structural analysis of scanning tunneling microscopy data allows local lattice distortions and structural defects across an FeTe_0.55Se_0.45 surface to be explored on a single unit-cell level. Concurrent superconducting gap (SG) mapping reveals suppression of the SG at well-defined structural defects, identified as a local structural distortion. The strong structural distortion causes the vanishing of the superconducting state. This study provides insight into the origins of superconductivity in iron chalcogenides by providing an example of atomic-level studies of the structure–property relationship

Baseline characteristics.

<p>Baseline characteristics.</p

Graphic presentation of the study protocol.

<p>Four weeks treatment with Danshen and placebo in a crossover design with at least four weeks of washout (represented in the figure as the period between week 4 and week 8). BP = blood pressure. ABPM = 24-h Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring. TCM = traditional Chinese Medicine diagnosis.</p

Results of the Nijmegen Hemostasis Assay.

<p>A. Thrombin generation. B. Plasmin generation measured by fibrinolysis time.</p

Baseline characteristics.

<p>Baseline characteristics.</p

CONSORT flow diagram.

<p>SAE: Serious Adverse Event. The SAE (Bell’s palsy) occurred during Danshen treatment (see text).</p

Salvia Miltiorrhiza Root Water-Extract (Danshen) Has No Beneficial Effect on Cardiovascular Risk Factors. A Randomized Double-Blind Cross-Over Trial

<div><p>Purpose</p><p>Danshen is the dried root extract of the plant Salvia Miltiorrhiza and it is used as traditional Chinese medicinal herbal product to prevent and treat atherosclerosis. However, its efficacy has not been thoroughly investigated. This study evaluates the effect of Danshen on hyperlipidemia and hypertension, two well known risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis.</p><p>Methods</p><p>This was a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study performed at a tertiary referral center. Participants were recruited by newspaper advertisement and randomized to treatment with Danshen (water-extract of the Salvia Miltiorrhiza root) or placebo for 4 consecutive weeks. There was a wash out period of 4 weeks. Of the 20 analysed participants, 11 received placebo first. Inclusion criteria were: age 40-70 years, hyperlipidemia and hypertension. At the end of each treatment period, plasma lipids were determined (primary outcome), 24 hours ambulant blood pressure measurement (ABPM) was performed, and vasodilator endothelial function was assessed in the forearm.</p><p>Results</p><p>LDL cholesterol levels were 3.82±0.14 mmol/l after Danshen and 3.52±0.16 mmol/l after placebo treatment (mean±SE; p<0.05 for treatment effect corrected for baseline). Danshen treatment had no effect on blood pressure (ABPM 138/84 after Danshen and 136/87 after placebo treatment). These results were further substantiated by the observation that Danshen had neither an effect on endothelial function nor on markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, glucose metabolism, hemostasis and blood viscosity.</p><p>Conclusion</p><p>Four weeks of treatment with Danshen (water-extract) slightly increased LDL-cholesterol without affecting a wide variety of other risk markers. These observations do not support the use of Danshen to prevent or treat atherosclerosis.</p><p>Trial Registration</p><p>ClinicalTrials.gov <a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01563770?term=NCT01563770&rank=1" target="_blank">NCT01563770</a></p></div