Orbital-angular-momentum mode-group multiplexed transmission over a graded-index ring-core fiber based on receive diversity and maximal ratio combining

An orbital-angular-momentum (OAM) mode-group multiplexing (MGM) scheme using high-order mode groups (MGs) in a graded-index ring-core fiber (GIRCF) is proposed, in which a receive-diversity architecture is designed for each MG to suppress the mode partition noise resulting from random intra-group mode crosstalk. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the received signals is further improved by a simple maximal ratio combining (MRC) technique on the receiver side to efficiently take advantage of the diversity gain of the receiver. Intensity-modulated direct-detection (IM-DD) systems transmitting three OAM mode groups with total 100-Gb/s discrete multi-tone (DMT) signals over a 1-km GIRCF and two OAM mode groups with total 40-Gb/s DMT signals over an 18.4-km GIRCF are experimentally demonstrated, respectively, to confirm the feasibility of our proposed OAM-MGM scheme

Scalable mode division multiplexed transmission over a 10-km ring-core fiber using high-order orbital angular momentum modes

We propose and demonstrate a scalable mode division multiplexing scheme based on orbital angular momentum modes in ring core fibers. In this scheme, the high-order mode groups of a ring core fiber are sufficiently de-coupled by the large differential effective refractive index so that multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) equalization is only used for crosstalk equalization within each mode group. We design and fabricate a graded-index ring core fiber that supports 5 mode groups with low inter-mode-group coupling, small intra-mode-group differential group delay, and small group velocity dispersion slope over the C-band for the high-order mode groups. We implement a two-dimensional wavelength- and mode-division multiplexed transmission experiment involving 10 wavelengths and 2 mode groups each with 4 OAM modes, transmitting 32 GBaud Nyquist QPSK signals over all 80 channels. An aggregate capacity of 5.12 Tb/s and an overall spectral efficiency of 9 bit/s/Hz over 10 km are realized, only using modular 4x4 MIMO processing with 15 taps to recover signals from the intra-mode-group mode coupling. Given the fixed number of modes in each mode group and the low inter-mode-group coupling in ring core fibres, our scheme strikes a balance in the trade-off between system capacity and digital signal processing complexity, and therefore has good potential for capacity upscaling at an expense of only modularly increasing the number of mode-groups with fixed-size (4x4) MIMO blocks

Identified Three Interferon Induced Proteins as Novel Biomarkers of Human Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Ischemic cardiomyopathy is the most frequent type of heart disease, and it is a major cause of myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF), both of which require expensive medical treatment. Precise biomarkers and therapy targets must be developed to enhance improve diagnosis and treatment. In this study, the transcriptional profiles of 313 patients’ left ventricle biopsies were obtained from the PubMed database, and functional genes that were significantly related to ischemic cardiomyopathy were screened using the Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis and protein–protein interaction (PPI) networks enrichment analysis. The rat myocardial infarction model was developed to validate these findings. Finally, the putative signature genes were blasted through the common Cardiovascular Disease Knowledge Portal to explore if they were associated with cardiovascular disorder. Three interferon stimulated genes (IFIT2, IFIT3 and IFI44L), as well as key pathways, have been identified as potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for ischemic cardiomyopathy, and their alternations or mutations have been proven to be strongly linked to cardiac disorders. These novel signature genes could be utilized as bio-markers or potential therapeutic objectives in precise clinical diagnosis and treatment of ischemic cardiomyopathy

Copper-Catalyzed Oxidative Homo- and Cross-Coupling of Grignard Reagents Using Diaziridinone

Transition-metal-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions are among the most powerful synthetic transformations. This paper describes an efficient copper-catalyzed homo- and cross-coupling of Grignard reagents with di-<i>tert</i>-butyldiaziridinone as oxidant under mild conditions, giving the coupling products in good to excellent yields. The reaction process has a broad substrate scope and is also effective for the C­(sp)–C­(sp³) coupling

RUNX1 knockdown induced apoptosis and impaired EMT in high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells

Abstract Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of death from gynecologic illnesses worldwide. High-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is a gynecological tumor that accounts for roughly 70% of ovarian cancer deaths in women. Runt-related transcription factor 1(RUNX1) proteins were identified with overexpression in the HGSOC. However, the roles of RUNX1 in the development of HGSOC are poorly understood. In this study, combined with whole-transcriptome analysis and multiple research methods, RUNX1 was identified as vital in developing HGSOC. RUNX1 knockdown inhibits the physiological function of ovarian cancer cells and regulates apoptosis through the FOXO1-Bcl2 axis. Down-regulated RUNX1 impairs EMT function through the EGFR-AKT-STAT3 axis signaling. In addition, RUNX1 knockdown can significantly increase the sensitivity to clinical drug therapy for ovarian cancer. It is strongly suggested that RUNX1 work as a potential diagnostic and therapeutic target for HGSOC patients with better prognoses and treatment options. It is possible to generate novel potential targeted therapy strategies and translational applications for serous ovarian carcinoma patients with better clinical outcomes

AS160 controls eukaryotic cell cycle and proliferation by regulating the CDK inhibitor p21

<p>AS160 (TBC1D4) has been implicated in multiple biological processes. However, the role and the mechanism of action of AS160 in the regulation of cell proliferation remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that AS160 knockdown led to blunted cell proliferation in multiple cell types, including fibroblasts and cancer cells. The results of cell cycle analysis showed that these cells were arrested in the G1 phase. Intriguingly, this inhibition of cell proliferation and the cell cycle arrest caused by AS160 depletion were glucose independent. Moreover, AS160 silencing led to a marked upregulation of the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21. Furthermore, whereas AS160 overexpression resulted in p21 downregulation and rescued the arrested cell cycle in AS160-depeleted cells, p21 silencing rescued the inhibited cell cycle and proliferation in the cells. Thus, our results demonstrated that AS160 regulates glucose-independent eukaryotic cell proliferation through p21-dependent control of the cell cycle, and thereby revealed a molecular mechanism of AS160 modulation of cell cycle and proliferation that is of general physiological significance.</p

Association of ambient particulate matter with hospital admissions, length of hospital stay, and hospital costs due to cardiovascular disease: time-series analysis based on data from the Shanghai Medical Insurance System from 2016 to 2019

Abstract Background There is limited evidence supporting a relationship of ambient particulate matter (PM), especially PM1, with hospital admissions, hospital costs, and length of hospital stay (LOS) due to cardiovascular disease (CVD). We used a generalized additive model (GAM) to estimate the associations of these indicators due to CVD for each 10 μg/m3 increase in the level of PM1, PM2.5, and PM10, and the attributable risk caused by PM on CVD was determined using the WHO air quality guidelines from 2005 and 2021. Results For each 10 μg/m3 increase in the level of each PM and for a 0-day lag time, there were significant increases in daily hospital admissions for CVD (PM1: 1.006% [95% CI 0.859, 1.153]; PM2.5: 0.454% [95% CI 0.377, 0.530]; PM10: 0.263% [95% CI 0.206, 0.320]) and greater daily hospital costs for CVD (PM1: 523.135 thousand CNY [95% CI 253.111, 793.158]; PM2.5: 247.051 thousand CNY [95% CI 106.766, 387.336]; PM10: 141.284 thousand CNY [95% CI 36.195, 246.373]). There were no significant associations between PM and daily LOS. Stratified analyses demonstrated stronger effects in young people and males for daily hospital admissions, and stronger effects in the elderly and males for daily hospital costs. Daily hospital admissions increased linearly with PM concentration up to about 30 µg/m3 (PM1), 60 µg/m3 (PM2.5), and 90 µg/m3 (PM10), with slower increases at higher concentrations. Daily hospital costs had an approximately linear increase with PM concentration at all tested concentrations. In general, hospital admissions, hospital costs, and LOS due to CVD were greater for PM2.5 than PM10, and the more stringent 2021 WHO guidelines indicated greater admissions, costs, and LOS due to CVD. Conclusions Short-term elevation of PM of different sizes was associated with an increased risk of hospital admissions and hospital costs due to CVD. The relationship with hospital admissions was strongest for men and young individuals, and the relationship with hospital costs was strongest for men and the elderly. Smaller PM is associated with greater risk

Hydrolase mimic via second coordination sphere engineering in metal-organic frameworks for environmental remediation

Abstract Enzymes achieve high catalytic activity with their elaborate arrangements of amino acid residues in confined optimized spaces. Nevertheless, when exposed to complicated environmental implementation scenarios, including high acidity, organic solvent and high ionic strength, enzymes exhibit low operational stability and poor activity. Here, we report a metal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-based artificial enzyme system via second coordination sphere engineering to achieve high hydrolytic activity under mild conditions. Experiments and theoretical calculations reveal that amide cleavage catalyzed by MOFs follows two distinct catalytic mechanisms, Lewis acid- and hydrogen bonding-mediated hydrolytic processes. The hydrogen bond formed in the secondary coordination sphere exhibits 11-fold higher hydrolytic activity than the Lewis acidic zinc ions. The MOFs exhibit satisfactory degradation performance of toxins and high stability under extreme working conditions, including complicated fermentation broth and high ethanol environments, and display broad substrate specificity. These findings hold great promise for designing artificial enzymes for environmental remediation

Research Progress on the Function of Rice Grain Type Genes

Rice is one of the important cereal crops in the world, and its yield and quality have always been the focus of breeders, which are related to global food security and human health. Rice grain type, mainly includes grain length, grain width and grain thickness, is an important quantitative trait controlled by multiple genes, and it not only directly affects rice yield, but is also closely related to rice quality. A good understanding of the formation and regulation mechanism of grain type will help to further increase rice yield per plant and improve rice quality. The development of molecular biology and the study of genomics have brought new changes to the exploration of the internal regulation mechanism of rice. A large number of quantitative trait locus (QTL) of rice grain type have been successfully identified and analyzed, and the functions of genes related to them have been verified. So far, several pathways regulating grain type have been identified, such as ubiquitin-proteasome degradation pathway, G protein signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, transcription factor regulation pathway, plant hormone pathway and MiRNA-related pathways. However, the regulatory network of grain type is extremely complex, and the mechanisms of the upstream and downstream regulatory components of many genes are still unclear, and there are even some cross interactions among the pathways that affect grain type. This review discussed the research progress of genes related to different signaling pathways affecting rice grain type and the interaction between key grain type genes, summarized the application of grain type genes in breeding in recent years, and proposed to analyze the regulation mechanism of rice grain type with multi-omics, with an aim to better serve the molecular design and breeding and provide support for the development of new high-yield and high-quality rice breeding