104 research outputs found
Motion of Droplets Along Thin Fibers With Temperature Gradient
Liquid n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, and n-hexadecane formed tiny symmetrical droplets on a partially wettable cylindrical fiber. When a temperature gradient was created along the fiber, the droplets began to move along the fiber toward the cold region. An explanation of the phenomenon is related to the thermocapillary motion. Other possible mechanisms were ruled out. The theoretical results and experimental data agree reasonably well. (C) 2002 American Institute of Physics
Finite time synchronization problems of delayed complex networks with stochastic perturbations
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The recent decline and recovery of Indian summer monsoon rainfall: relative roles of external forcing and internal variability
The Indian summer monsoon (ISM) rainfall affects a large population in South Asia. Observations show a decline in ISM rainfall from 1950-1999 and a recovery from 1999-2013. While the decline has been attributed to global warming, aerosol effects, deforestation, and a negative-to-positive phase transition of the Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO), the cause for the recovery remains largely unclear. Through analyses of a 57-member perturbed-parameter ensemble of model simulations, this study shows that the externally-forced rainfall trend is relatively weak and is overwhelmed by large internal variability during both 1950-1999 and 1999-2013. The IPO is identified as the internal mode that helps modulate the recent decline and recovery of the ISM rainfall. The IPO induces ISM rainfall changes through moisture convergence anomalies associated with an anomalous Walker circulation and meridional tropospheric temperature gradients and the resultant anomalous convection and zonal moisture advection. The negative-to-positive IPO phase transition from 1950-1999 reduces what would have been an externally-forced weak upward rainfall trend of 0.01 mm day-1 decade-1 to ā0.15 mm day-1 decade-1 during that period, while the rainfall trend from 1999-2013 increases from the forced value of 0.42 to 0.68 mm day-1 decade-1 associated with a positive-to-negative IPO phase transition. Such a significant modulation of the historical ISM rainfall trends by the IPO is confirmed by another 100-member ensemble of simulations using perturbed initial conditions. Our findings highlight that the interplay between the effects of external forcing and the IPO needs be considered for climate adaptation and mitigation strategies in South Asia
Downregulation of TGF-beta receptor types II and III in oral squamous cell carcinoma and oral carcinoma-associated fibroblasts
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The purpose of this study was to assess the expression levels for TĪ²RI, TĪ²RII, and TĪ²RIII in epithelial layers of oral premalignant lesions (oral leukoplakia, OLK) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), as well as in oral carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), with the final goal of exploring the roles of various types of TĪ²Rs in carcinogenesis of oral mucosa.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Normal oral tissues, OLK, and OSCC were obtained from 138 previously untreated patients. Seven primary human oral CAF lines and six primary normal fibroblast (NF) lines were established successfully via cell culture. The three receptors were detected using immunohistochemical (IHC), quantitative RT-PCR, and Western blot approaches.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>IHC signals for TĪ²RII and TĪ²RIII in the epithelial layer decreased in tissue samples with increasing disease aggressiveness (P < 0.05); no expression differences were observed for TĪ²RI, in OLK and OSCC (P > 0.05); and TĪ²RII and TĪ²RIII were significantly downregulated in CAFs compared with NFs, at the mRNA and protein levels (P < 0.05). Exogenous expression of TGF-Ī²1 led to a remarkable decrease in the expression of TĪ²RII and TĪ²RIII in CAFs (P < 0.05).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>This study provides the first evidence that the loss of TĪ²RII and TĪ²RIII expression in oral epithelium and stroma is a common event in OSCC. The restoration of the expression of TĪ²RII and TĪ²RIII in oral cancerous tissues may represent a novel strategy for the treatment of oral carcinoma.</p
WASp-deficient B cells play a critical, cell-intrinsic role in triggering autoimmunity
In a manner dependent on CD4 T cell help and Toll-like receptor signals, B cells lacking WASp induce autoantibody production and autoimmune disease in mice
Eigenvalue problem for fractional differential equations with nonlinear integral and disturbance parameter in boundary conditions
Heating-Induced Evolution of Thiolate-Encapsulated Gold Nanoparticles:Ā A Strategy for Size and Shape Manipulations
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