76 research outputs found
Utility of Pediatric Flexible Bronchoscopy in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Airway Malformations in Children
A Hybrid Brain-Computer Interface Using Motor Imagery and SSVEP Based on Convolutional Neural Network
The key to electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain-computer interface (BCI)
lies in neural decoding, and its accuracy can be improved by using hybrid BCI
paradigms, that is, fusing multiple paradigms. However, hybrid BCIs usually
require separate processing processes for EEG signals in each paradigm, which
greatly reduces the efficiency of EEG feature extraction and the
generalizability of the model. Here, we propose a two-stream convolutional
neural network (TSCNN) based hybrid brain-computer interface. It combines
steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) and motor imagery (MI) paradigms.
TSCNN automatically learns to extract EEG features in the two paradigms in the
training process, and improves the decoding accuracy by 25.4% compared with the
MI mode, and 2.6% compared with SSVEP mode in the test data. Moreover, the
versatility of TSCNN is verified as it provides considerable performance in
both single-mode (70.2% for MI, 93.0% for SSVEP) and hybrid-mode scenarios
(95.6% for MI-SSVEP hybrid). Our work will facilitate the real-world
applications of EEG-based BCI systems
Efficacy of Tenofovir-Based Combination Therapy versus Tenofovir Monotherapy in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Presenting with Suboptimal Responses to Pretreatment: A Meta-Analysis
Dynamic Stiffness Method for Vibrations of Ship Structures
Initiated by the objective to address the dynamics of ship structures other than conventional finite element method, a dynamic stiffness method (DSM) is proposed systematically including that for three types of element models. A DSM element accounting for both in-plane and bending vibrations in flat rectangular plates is developed, which makes it possible for modeling wave conversion across junctions in built-up plates. In addition, a DSM element for stiffened plates is formulated, which considers all possible vibrations in plates and beams, i.e., bending, torsion, and extension motions. The third type of DSM plate element takes fluid loading into account, which is induced by vibrating plate. Finally, the proposed DSM method is extended to address vibration transmission in a built-up plate structure, which demonstrates the great potentials of DSM in application to more practical and more general engineering fields
Evaluating Hallucinations in Chinese Large Language Models
In this paper, we establish a benchmark named HalluQA (Chinese Hallucination
Question-Answering) to measure the hallucination phenomenon in Chinese large
language models. HalluQA contains 450 meticulously designed adversarial
questions, spanning multiple domains, and takes into account Chinese historical
culture, customs, and social phenomena. During the construction of HalluQA, we
consider two types of hallucinations: imitative falsehoods and factual errors,
and we construct adversarial samples based on GLM-130B and ChatGPT. For
evaluation, we design an automated evaluation method using GPT-4 to judge
whether a model output is hallucinated. We conduct extensive experiments on 24
large language models, including ERNIE-Bot, Baichuan2, ChatGLM, Qwen, SparkDesk
and etc. Out of the 24 models, 18 achieved non-hallucination rates lower than
50%. This indicates that HalluQA is highly challenging. We analyze the primary
types of hallucinations in different types of models and their causes.
Additionally, we discuss which types of hallucinations should be prioritized
for different types of models.Comment: Work in progres
Spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas of mouse organogenesis using DNA nanoball-patterned arrays.
Spatially resolved transcriptomic technologies are promising tools to study complex biological processes such as mammalian embryogenesis. However, the imbalance between resolution, gene capture, and field of view of current methodologies precludes their systematic application to analyze relatively large and three-dimensional mid- and late-gestation embryos. Here, we combined DNA nanoball (DNB)-patterned arrays and in situ RNA capture to create spatial enhanced resolution omics-sequencing (Stereo-seq). We applied Stereo-seq to generate the mouse organogenesis spatiotemporal transcriptomic atlas (MOSTA), which maps with single-cell resolution and high sensitivity the kinetics and directionality of transcriptional variation during mouse organogenesis. We used this information to gain insight into the molecular basis of spatial cell heterogeneity and cell fate specification in developing tissues such as the dorsal midbrain. Our panoramic atlas will facilitate in-depth investigation of longstanding questions concerning normal and abnormal mammalian development.This work is part of the ‘‘SpatioTemporal Omics Consortium’’ (STOC) paper package. A list of STOC members is available at: http://sto-consortium.org. We would
like to thank the MOTIC China Group, Rongqin Ke (Huaqiao University, Xiamen,
China), Jiazuan Ni (Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China), Wei Huang (Center
for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy
of Sciences, Shanghai, China), and Jonathan S. Weissman (Whitehead Institute,
Boston, USA) for their help. This work was supported by the grant of Top Ten
Foundamental Research Institutes of Shenzhen, the Shenzhen Key Laboratory
of Single-Cell Omics (ZDSYS20190902093613831), and the Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write (2017B030301011); Longqi Liu
was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
(31900466) and Miguel A. Esteban’s laboratory at the Guangzhou Institutes of
Biomedicine and Health by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDA16030502), National Natural Science Foundation of China (92068106), and the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research
Foundation (2021B1515120075).S
Targeted gene sanger sequencing should remain the first-tier genetic test for children suspected to have the five common X-linked inborn errors of immunity
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The original contributions presented in the study are included in the article/Supplementary Material. Further inquiries can be directed to the corresponding author.To address inborn errors of immunity (IEI) which were underdiagnosed in resource-limited
regions, our centre developed and offered free genetic testing for the most common IEI by
Sanger sequencing (SS) since 2001. With the establishment of The Asian Primary
Immunodeficiency (APID) Network in 2009, the awareness and definitive diagnosis of
IEI were further improved with collaboration among centres caring for IEI patients from
East and Southeast Asia. We also started to use whole exome sequencing (WES) for
undiagnosed cases and further extended our collaboration with centres from South Asia
and Africa. With the increased use of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), we have shifted
our diagnostic practice from SS to WES. However, SS was still one of the key diagnostic
tools for IEI for the past two decades. Our centre has performed 2,024 IEI SS genetic
tests, with in-house protocol designed specifically for 84 genes, in 1,376 patients with 744
identified to have disease-causing mutations (54.1%). The high diagnostic rate after just
one round of targeted gene SS for each of the 5 common IEI (X-linked
agammaglobulinemia (XLA) 77.4%, Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome (WAS) 69.2%, X-linked chronic granulomatous disease (XCGD) 59.5%, X-linked severe combined
immunodeficiency (XSCID) 51.1%, and X-linked hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM1) 58.1%)
demonstrated targeted gene SS should remain the first-tier genetic test for the 5 common
X-linked IEI.The Hong Kong Society for Relief of Disabled Children and Jeffrey Modell Foundation.http://www.frontiersin.org/Immunologyam2023Paediatrics and Child Healt
Damage Analyses of Replaceable Links in Eccentrically Braced Frame (EBF) Subject to Cyclic Loading
In the current design of steel eccentrically braced frames (EBFs), the yielding link is coupled with the floor beam. This causes the design of cross-sectional dimensions of links to be enlarged, resulting in over-designed structures and foundations, and increasing the cost of the overall structure. In addition, the beams are forecast to sustain severe damage through repeated inelastic deformations under design-level earthquakes, and thus the structure may require extensive repair or need to be replaced. To improve upon these drawbacks, a shear device with replaceable links based on EBFs was designed. The hysteresis curve, the stress distribution, and the deformation of the specimen were obtained by cyclic loading tests of the eight replaceable links. The energy dissipation behavior, the bearing capacity, the failure modes, and the plastic rotation angle of those specimens were analyzed. The results indicated clearly that the links in this shear device had inelastic deformation concentrated in the link showing very stable hysteresis behavior, and damaged links were replaced easily as end-plate connections were adopted. The energy dissipation capacity and the plastic rotation angle of the specimens were mainly dependent on the arrangement of stiffener, length ratio, and welding access holes. Experimental studies performed in this research and the related damage analyses reveal that cracks are the major causes of damage to the EBF and there is a lack of research on real-time monitoring of the onset and development of these cracks in EBF structures. As a future work, this paper proposes a piezoceramic patch transducer-based active sensing approach to monitor the crack onset and development of the EBF when subjected to dynamic loadings
Study on Seismic Performance and Damage Analysis of Steel Plate Shear Wall with Partially Encased Composite (PEC) Columns
A steel plate shear wall often uses partially encased composite (PEC) columns instead of edge frame columns. Such a steel plate shear wall not only bears the gravity load of the structure and resists the bending moment caused by lateral force by taking advantage of the high bearing capacity and bending stiffness of PEC columns, but also effectively anchors with the frame column to counteract the tension field generated by the steel plate. Therefore, the performance of the steel plate shear wall after buckling can be fully exerted and the seismic performance of the structure can be improved. In order to investigate the seismic performance of the structure, a 1/3-scale specimen test of steel plate shear wall with PEC columns is designed and fabricated, and a finite element model is established with the same size of test. It is found that the test and simulation results are in good agreement, which confirms the reliability of the simulation. Subsequently, 20 models with different parameters of steel plate shear wall with PEC columns are analyzed using ABAQUS. Finally, the failure mode, hysteretic behavior, skeleton curve, and bearing capacity of steel plate shear wall with PEC columns are obtained. The results show that PEC columns have a good anchoring effect on the diagonal tension field and can fully exert the plasticity of the infill steel plate, so that steel plate shear wall with PEC columns has superior seismic performance. Experiments also reveal that the crack type of damages appear in a steel plate shear wall with PEC columns, and, as a future work, the authors will explore the use of structural health monitoring methods, such as piezoceramic transducer-based method, to monitor such cracks
Location characteristics of tremolite jade from Dahua, Guangxi
The tremolite jade found in Dahua County, Guangxi Province, is a new type of tremolite jade that has only appeared in the past two years with a low degree of research. But the jade in this production area occupies a large share in the market. It is of great significance to systematically study the gemological characteristics and origin attributes of tremolite jade in this area. Through routine tests, Raman spectroscopy (Raman), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICPMS), laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and other tests, the inclusion characteristics, spectral characteristics, structural characteristics and composition characteristics of tremolite jade in this area are studied to interpret the origin attribute of tremolite jade in this area. The results show that the main mineral components of Dahua tremolite jade are relatively stable, such as SiO2, MgO and CaO, While the coefficient of variation of minor mineral components MnO, FeO and TiO2 is relatively large. The contents of trace elements B, Cr, Zn and Sr are relatively high, the contents of V, Co and Ni are relatively low, and the content of Mg2+/(Mg2++Fe2+) is 0.03, indicating that the main mineral is tremolite and the tremolite jade in this area is formed by contact metasomatic metamorphism, characterized by low iron and high calcium; From the rare earth elements contained in the sample, the total amount of rare earth elements ΣREE of tremolite jade in the mining area is low, the differentiation of light and heavy rare earth elements is not obvious, belonging to the enrichment type of light rare earth elements, the rare earth distribution mode belongs to the right dip type, relatively flat, Eu negative anomaly and obvious Ce negative anomaly; The average crystallinity of tremolite jade in this area is 0.963, which is greater than that of Xinjiang tremolite jade by 0.843, which is close to that of Qinghai(0.96), which reflects that Dahua tremolite jade has high crystallinity, relatively large crystal particles and good crystallization environment; The ratio of beryllium/silicon intensity(IBe/ISi) by LIBS of tremolite jade in this area is: 0 for tremolite jade in Dahua, Guangxi, China, 0.003-0.008 for tremolite jade in Xinjiang, China, 0 for tremolite jade in Qinghai, China, 0.004-0.006 for tremolite jade in Liaoning, China, 0.1-0.16 for tremolite jade in Korea and 0.03-0.05 for tremolite jade in Russia. The comparison between the above information and other places of origin provides a reference for traceability
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