Optical anisotropy of Ge(001)2x1

We have measured the change in the optical reflection anisotropy of a clean Ge(001) surface upon exposure to molecular oxygen up to saturation coverage. Both phase and amplitude changes have been recorded with a normal-incidence ellipsometer. They have been found to be related by a Kramers-Kronig transformation. The change in the complex reflection ratio could be interpreted as an anisotropy of the clean Ge(001)2 × 1 surface dielectric function, using a three-layer McIntyre-Aspnes approach and neglecting the oxygen overlayer. The surface dielectric function anisotropy can be described fairly well by optical selection rules, based on symmetry arguments. This model was applied to the possible optical transitions at this surface between filled dimers, dangling bonds and back-bonds and the empty dangling bonds and dimers

Study of theory and applicability of laser technique for measuring atmospheric parameters Interim scientific report

Theory and applicability of laser energy interactions for measuring atmospheric parameter

Crafting axes, producing meaning: Neolithic axe depositions in the northern Netherlands

Wetensch. publ. referee

Ceci n'est pas une hache; Neolithic Depositions in the Northern Netherlands

Wetensch. publicati

Immunotherapy and combined treatment approaches to angiogenesis inhibition

Verheul, H.M.W. [Promotor]Griffioen, A.W. [Promotor]Vliet, J.J. van der [Copromotor

Optical anisotropy of Ge(001)

The surface induced optical anisotropy in the electronic structure of clean Ge(001) 2×1 was studied with an ellipsometer at normal incidence. The change in the reflection difference between light polarized parallel and perpendicular to the dimer bond at this surface upon either absorption of molecular oxygen or Ar+ ion bombardment was recorded. Both procedures were found to give the same results. It was possible to obtain a qualitative agreement of the optical spectrum recorded and the position and parity of the occupied and unoccupied surface states known on the clean surface

Full microscopic treatment of the optical response of the Si(100)2x1 surface

The optical reflection from the Si(100) 2 × 1 surface has been calculated, using the discrete dipole model and local polarizabilities obtained from quantum mechanical cluster calculations. Results have been compared with experimental differential reflectance (Si) and optical anisotropy measurements (Ge)

Stereotype

Throughout northern Europe, thousands of burial mounds were erected in the third millennium BCE. Starting in the Corded Ware culture, individual people were being buried underneath these mounds, often equipped with an almost rigid set of grave goods. This practice continued in the second half of the third millennium BCE with the start of the Bell Beaker phenomenon. In large parts of Europe, a ‘typical’ set of objects was placed in graves, known as the ‘Bell Beaker package’. This book focusses on the significance and meaning of these Late Neolithic graves. Why were people buried in a seemingly standardized manner, what did this signify and what does this reveal about these individuals, their role in society, their cultural identity and the people that buried them? By performing in-depth analyses of all the individual grave goods from Dutch graves, which includes use-wear analysis and experiments, the biography of grave goods is explored. How were they made, used and discarded? Subsequently the nature of these graves themselves are explored as contexts of deposition, and how these are part of a much wider ‘sacrificial landscape’. A novel and comprehensive interpretation is presented that shows how the objects from graves were connected with travel, drinking ceremonies and maintaining long-distance relationships